This paper presents a theory of poroviscosity for binary solutions. Subject to mechanical forces and connected to reservoirs of molecules, a binary solution evolves by concurrent flow and diffusion. Our theory generalizes the classical theory of interdiffusion by decoupling the molecular processes for flow and diffusion. We further remove the assumption of local chemical equilibrium, so that th...

CuInSe2 is a direct bandgap material that assumes the chalcopyrite structure (space group I4̄2d). Due to its large optical absorption coefficient (α ∼ 10 cm−1), its use in thin film polycrystalline solar cells is an active research topic. As most of the research effort to date has been applied directly to polycrystalline film formation for use in solar cell applications and relatively little att...

Copper has been investigated as a potential interlayer material for diffusion bonds between beryllium and Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) steel. Utilizing Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), copper was directly bonded to a RAFM steel, F82H, at 650 C, 700 C, 750 C, 800 C and 850 C, under 103 MPa for 2 h. Interdiffusion across the bonded interface was limited to 1 lm or less, even at the...

Simultaneous fitting of independently measured sputter-depth profiles of intensities of Auger electrons or photoelectrons from different Auger transitions (AES) or core levels (XPS) is shown to increase the reliability of the thus determined concentration-depth profiles in diffusion-annealed thin film systems, as compared to the usually applied single profile fitting. In this context an extensi...