The wind and wave products from the ERS mission provide an invaluable data set. This paper provides an overview of the performance of both ERS-1 and ERS-2 products on the basis of surface winds from the consistent ECMWF 40-Year Reanalysis (ERA-40), and wave fields from a long term stand-alone wave model hindcast run forced by ERA-40 winds. Furthermore, buoy and other in-situ measurements are us...

A satellite-based climate record of monthly mean surface solar irradiance (SIS) is investigated with regard to possible inhomogeneities in time. The data record is provided by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) for the period of 1983 to 2005, covering a disk area between ±70◦ in lat...

Cloud and boundary layer variables from the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model were compared with measurements made from surface instruments and from upward looking 8 mm wavelength radar and lidar at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ice camp during November and December of 1997. The precipitation accumulation, near-surface winds, and surf...

Chapter 3 3D variational assimilation (with the first-guess at appropriate time) Chapter 4 Background term Chapter 5 Observation operators and observation cost function (J o) Chapter 6 Background, analysis and forecast errors Chapter 7 Gravity-wave control Chapter 8 Diagnostics Chapter 9 Observation processing Chapter 10 Observation screening Chapter 11 Land-surface analysis Chapter 12 Analysis...

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and one most important variables in weather climate studies. Accurate reliable precipitation data are crucial for determining trends variability. In this study, eleven different datasets compared, six reanalysis five observational datasets, including ERA5 WFDE5 from ECMWF family, to quantify differences between widely used identify thei...

We have developed a Lagrangian air-parcel cirrus model (LACM), to diagnose the processes controlling water in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). LACM applies parameterised microphysics to air parcel trajectories. The parameterisation includes the homogeneous freezing of aerosol droplets, the growth/sublimation of ice particles, and sedimentation of ice particles, so capturing the main dehydra...