BACKGROUND Monosodium urate (MSU) has been shown to promote inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in monocyte/macrophages, but the cellular pathway and nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in synovial tissues, remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSU on synovial fibroblasts to elucidate the process of...

Inflammation facilitates tumor progression including metastasis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that regulates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) mobilization and activity and we hypothesize that this cytokine influences tumor behavior. We have demonstrated that IL-8 is crucial for PMN-mediated melanoma extravasation under flow conditions. In addition, IL-8 is up-regulated in PMNs upon co-...

Cigarette smoke (CS), the primary risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leads to pulmonary inflammation through interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)I signalling, as determined using COPD mouse models. It is unclear whether interleukin (IL)-1α or IL-1β, activated by the Nlrp3/caspase-1 axis, is the predominant ligand for IL-1RI in CS-induced responses. We exposed wild-type mice ...

background: growth factors play a major part in wound healing in many tissues including the periodontium. transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1) is one of these factors present in the gingival crevicular fluid. in addition, it is considered as one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines. interleukin-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that presents itself in gingival inflammation and the...

Caspase-1 (Casp-1) mediates the processing of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18 to their mature forms. Casp-1-deficient mice succumb more rapidly to Salmonella challenge than do wild-type animals. Both Casp-1 substrates, IL-18 and IL-1beta, are relevant for control of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We used IL-18-/- and IL-1beta-/- mice in addition to...

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level is modulated during multiple stress reactions both in brain structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and peripheral systems. Multiple distinct stressors induce different IL-1β and HPA axis responses. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the effect of prior repeated restraint stress on IL-1β levels in prefrontal cort...

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mediates many of the behavioral responses to infection and inflammation, and IL-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) processes intracellular IL-1β, leading to its maturation and secretion. Here we demonstrate that intracerebroventricular injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced a greater reduction in both food intake and food-motivated behavior in wild-type compared with ICE...

atopic dermatitis (ad) is a common chronically relapsing skin disease associated with abnormal cytokine production, and activation of t-helper 2 cells. the aim if this study was to determine whether cytokine gene polymorphisms might influence the development of ad. single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes for i-l1alpha, il-1beta, il-1r, il-2, il-4, il-6, il-10, il-12, tgf beta, tnf and ifng...

In the CNS, astrocytes are a major inducible source of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although IL-6 has beneficial effects in the CNS because of its neurotrophic properties, its overexpression is generally detrimental, adding to the pathophysiology associated with CNS disorders. Many factors have been shown to induce IL-6 expression by astrocytes, particularly the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (...

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta is a key mediator of the inflammatory response and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammation. IL-1beta is synthesized in response to many stimuli as an inactive pro-IL-1beta precursor protein that is further processed by caspase-1 into mature IL-1beta, which is the secreted biologically active form of the cytokine. Although ...