BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to associate with pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the role of IL-4 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms in RA remains unknown. METHOD A total of 752 unrelated Chinese patients with RA and 798 healthy Chinese volunteers with no family histories of any autoimmune diseases were recruited. The promoter IL-4-...

The pathogenesis of asthma reflects, in part, the activity of T cell cytokines. Murine models support participation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the IL-4 receptor in asthma. Selective neutralization of IL-13, a cytokine related to IL-4 that also binds to the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor, ameliorated the asthma phenotype, including airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus...

Abstract Virtual memory CD8 +T (CD8 VM) cells, a unique subset of cells bearing phenotypes, exist in naïve and even germ-free mice. Distinct from the conventional T VMcells are antigen-inexperienced but able to respond quickly cognate antigen-independent manner, thus could provide broad range innate-like protective effects. Our previous study showed that be expanded by type 2/interleukin-4 (IL-...

Stem cell factor (SCF) possesses many mast cell-stimulating activities, including the ability to support the growth of mucosal-like mast cells (MMCs) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs). However, this study shows that, in the absence of accessory cells, SCF does not stimulate the clonal growth of primitive mast cell progenitors. Nevertheless, SCF exhibited potent growth-promoting effects w...

Background: About 5–10% of patients with asthma suffer from poorly-controlled disease despite corticosteroid (CS) therapy. Methods: 21 severe and 30 mild asthma patients were recruited and underwent collection of blood sample. We determined whether there were any differences in inflammatory biomarkers between severe and mild asthma patients or not.Results: Levels of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Int...

Purpose: We investigated the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) by measuring effects two specific miRNAs on Th2 cells in children with this disease. Methods: After informed consent, we enrolled 20 active INS before steroid initiation, remission after therapy, and age-matched healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to measure levels a cytometric bead array IgE, interleukin (IL...

Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) also known as Anakinra is a of IL-1 especially IL-1β. IL-1β increased in infected COVID-19 patient groups. This study aimed that the IL-1Ra contained Conditioned Medium Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (CM-WJMSCs) has potential to inhibit which one cytokine storms occur COVID patients through an in-silico approach. Objective: aims det...

Cancer is one of the diseases that became a social problem can happen with uncontrolled proliferation, growth, differentiation, and spread cells in our body. Breast cancer, on other hand, types cancer highest incidence women. In study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by thapsigargin (T) MCF-7 then, effects Sideritis akmanii acetone extract (SAE) cell viability, ER stress, inflammation...

Interleukin (IL)-4 is known to be the most potent cytokine that can initiate Th2 cell differentiation. Paradoxically, IL-4 instructs dendritic cells (DCs) to promote Th1 cell differentiation. We investigated the mechanisms by which IL-4 directs CD4 T cells toward the Th1 cell lineage. Our study demonstrates that the IL-4-mediated induction of Th1 cell differentiation requires IL-10 production b...

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the intestine and the brain, can stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas and alleviate type 2 diabetes. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) may enhance insulin secretion from β-cells by stimulating peripheral GLP-1 production. GLP-1 and its analogs also reduce food intake and body weight, clinically beneficial actions that are likely exerted at t...