The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide and water into useful products is a major challenge in facilitating a closed carbon cycle. Here we report a cobalt protoporphyrin immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode that reduces carbon dioxide in an aqueous acidic solution at relatively low overpotential (0.5 V), with an efficiency and selectivity comparable to the best porphyrin-based...

The labile precursors of ribosomal RNA in mouse kidney are preserved when nuclei rapidly isolated after sieving through multiple screens are swollen and cleansed in the presence of an RNase inhibitor before digestion with DNase and phenol extraction. The kinetics of nucleolar labeling analyzed on polyacrylamide gels show that 36S RNA is the major intermediate product in the catabolism of the or...

A microwave-assisted, fluorous synthetic route to 3-amino-1,2-benzisoxazoles and 4-amino-1H-2,3benzoxazines has been developed. The strategy comprises linking the respective 2-fluorobenzonitrile or 2-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile to a fluorous oxime tag to give an aryloxime intermediate which then undergoes cyclization with concomitant cleavage of the substrate-tag in acidic conditions to provide t...

Kinetic studies of the reactions catalyzed by adenylosuccinate synthetase with phosphorothioate derivatives of substrates for the forward and reverse reactions provide evidence for an intermediate on the reaction pathway. Guanosine-5’-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPyS) replaces GTP with a 12.5-fold reduction in the maximal velocity (at 22”C), although the K, for GTPyS is 3.5-fold lower than the K,,...

Some vaccine process manufacturing techniques require the use of acetate (Ac) and phosphate (Pi) containing buffers to complete biochemical reactions prior to downstream product purification. These two anions must be removed from the final bulk product, which necessitates the need for an assay to monitor Ac and Pi reduction throughout. Due to the separation speed, low volume consumption, and re...

The structures of human glyoxalase I in complexes with S-(N-hydroxy-N-p-iodophenylcarbamoyl)glutathione (HIPC-GSH) and S-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonylglutathione (NBC-GSH) have been determined at 2.0 and 1.72 A resolution, respectively. HIPC-GSH is a transition state analogue mimicking the enediolate intermediate that forms along the reaction pathway of glyoxalase I. In the structure, the hydroxycar...

Attack of cellular thiols on the antitumor natural product leinamycin is believed to generate a sulfenate intermediate that undergoes subsequent rearrangement to a DNA-alkylating episulfonium ion. Here, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl sulfoxides were employed in a fluoride-triggered generation of sulfenate anions related to the putative leinamycin-sulfenate. The resulting sulfenates enter smoothly into...

Functional investigation of the proposed dehydratase domain of ATX, a 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase from Aspergillus terreus, revealed that the domain is not involved in dehydration of the beta-hydroxytriketide intermediate tethered on the acyl carrier protein but catalyzes thioester hydrolysis to release the product from the acyl carrier protein. Thus, we renamed this domain the thioester hy...

Many firms face environments with long production lead times, great product variety, and uncertain, non-stationary demand. A challenge is how to plan production and inventories to provide competitive customer service at least cost. In this paper, we first describe an application at Teradyne in which we implemented an inventory hedge to protect against cyclic demand variability. Based on this ex...

SUKITS is a joint project of computer scientists and mechanical engineers which is devoted to the design and implementation of an integrated infrastructure for product development. This infrastructure – the CIM Manager – provides a framework for a posteriori integration of heterogeneous application systems. This paper describes management of engineering products and processes. Product managemen...