The aim of this article is the reconstruction, analysis and presentation Henryk Elzenberg’s philosophy human being, with particular emphasis on his concept asceticism. philosophical anthropology based pessimistic evaluation reality, which itself founded negative nature. Human nature corrupt because primary will humanity, selfish self-seeking strives only for utilitarian values. overcoming pessi...

The goal of this research is to explore implicit and explicit processes in shaping an individual’s characteristic behavioral patterns, that is, personality. The questions addressed are how psychological processes may be separated into implicit and explicit types, and how such a separation figures into personality. In particular, it focuses on the role of instinct and intuition (two kinds of mos...

How do migratory birds, herding dogs, and navigating sea turtles do the amazing things that they do? For hundreds of years, scientists and philosophers have struggled over possible explanations. In time, one word came to dominate the discussion: instinct. It became the catch-all explanation for those adaptive and complex abilities that do not obviously result from learning or experience. Today,...

Programming of software agents is a difficult task. As a result, online learning techniques have been used in order to make software agents automatically learn to decide proper condition-action rules from their experiences. However, for complicated problems this approach requires a large amount of time and might not guarantee the optimality of rules. In this paper, we discuss our study to apply...

Mathematical approaches to modeling the mind since the 1950s are reviewed. Difficulties faced by these approaches are related to the fundamental incompleteness of logic discovered by K. Gödel. A recent mathematical advancement, dynamic logic (DL) overcame these past difficulties. DL is described conceptually and related to neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. DL models h...

wet-nursing in England appears to be in the seventeenth century when the urban growth of London in particular presented mothers with similar problems regarding their infants. Evidence for bureaucratic intervention, however, is lacking in England. The conclusion of the author that economic pressure was the predominant cause in the rise and decline of wet-nursing is convincing. The sheer intensit...

It is well known that infants as soon as they are born tend to use fist, fingers, thumbs in stimulation of the oral erotogenic zone, in satisfaction of the instincts at that zone, and also in quiet union. It is also well known that after a few months infants of either sex become fond of playing with dolls, and that most mothers allow their infants some special object and expect them to become, ...