In 2005, the resolutions WHA58.3 adopted IHR (2005). IHR (2005) entered into force on 15 June 2007 in accordance with Article 59, replacing IHR (1969). IHR (2005) is legally binding for WHO 194 Member States including all 46 WHO Member States in the African region. Endorsement of the International Health Regulations (2005) highlighted the importance of timely detection and response to events th...

Introduction Implementation of the IDSR framework for fulfillment of the International Health Regulations (2005) ([IHR 2005]) has been challenging in Swaziland due to distribution of IDSR functions across units within the Strategic Information Department (SID) and other external departments within the Ministry of Health. We conducted a qualitative assessment and a Strength, Weaknesses, Opportun...

Introduction In the Kingdom of Swaziland, a baseline assessment found that multiple functional units within the Ministry of Health (MoH) perform PHS activities. There is limited data sharing and coordination between units; roles and responsibilities are unclear. The Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit (EDCU) is mandated to coordinate efforts and strengthen PHS through implementing Integrated ...

SUMMARY: PHMSA is amending the Hazardous Materials Regulations to maintain alignment with international standards by incorporating various amendments, including changes to proper shipping names, hazard classes, packing groups, special provisions, packaging authorizations, air transport limited quantities, and vessel stowage requirements. These revisions are necessary to harmonize the Hazardous ...

Recent pandemics and rapidly spreading outbreaks of infectious diseases have illustrated the interconnectedness of the world and the importance of improving the international community's ability to effectively respond. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), building on a strong foundation of lessons learned through previous emergencies, international recognition, and human and te...

This article advances an alternative paradigm for making judgments about China's compliance with its international obligations in the realm of health and human rights, grounded on the reality that non-local rule regimes are interpreted and applied according to the extent of commonality between the norms underlying these international rule regimes and local cultural norms. This paradigm, "select...

BACKGROUND Public health legal preparedness (PHLP) for emergencies is a core component of the health system response. However, the implementation of health legal preparedness differs between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and developed countries. OBJECTIVE This paper examines recent trends regarding public health legal preparedness for emergencies and discusses its role in the recent...