Cymodocea rotundata is a seagrass species that occupy habitats in the intertidal zone. The ability of this to zone thought be related its particular morphological adaptations response fluctuations local aquatic environmental conditions. This study aims describe habitat conditions, distribution density, differences, and growth among C. stands upper, middle, lower zones Yankarwar Beach, Manokwari...

Conifer stem pest resistance includes constitutive defenses that discourage invasion and inducible defenses, including phenolic and terpenoid resin synthesis. Recently, methyl jasmonate (MJ) was shown to induce conifer resin and phenolic defenses; however, it is not known if MJ is the direct effector or if there is a downstream signal. Exogenous applications of MJ, methyl salicylate, and ethyle...

We show how to make appropriate likelihood ratio tests for evolutionary tree models when parameters such as edge (internodes or branches) lengths have nonnegativity constraints. In such cases, under the null model of an edge length being zero, the marginal distribution of this parameter is proven to be a "half-normal", that is, 50% zero values and 50% the positive half of a normal distribution....

Potted-seedling machine transplantation (PSMT) is an innovative method of mechanical rice transplanting to improve seedling quality and reduce injury relative blanket-seedling (BSMT). However, the responses yield, grain quality, risk lodging in PSMT have not yet been comprehensively defined. Here, we present a meta-analysis 67 peer-reviewed studies with 382 field observations investigate impact...

A two-year field experiment was executed to investigate the impact of different controlled irrigation and drainage regimes on morphological mechanical traits related lodging resistance rice in Jiangsu province, China. Three were comprised conventional flooding practices (CK), mode I (CID-1), II (CID-2). Results indicated that there no significant difference heights plants under three regimes, b...

The influence of the environment on studied characteristics can be determined when growing genetically similar plants in different environmental conditions. medicinal plant Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. (five-bladed motherwort) belongs to a group that are most responsive changes Plants were grown from uniform seeds trial plots three southern regions West Siberia (Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, and Kam...

The identification of the limits between the cell division, elongation and mature zones in the root apex is still a matter of controversy when methods based on cellular features, molecular markers or kinematics are compared while methods based on cell length profiles have been comparatively underexplored. Segmentation models were developed to identify developmental zones within a root apex on t...

• Genes controlling plant growth and form are of considerable interest, because they affect survival and productivity traits, and are largely unknown or poorly characterized. The SHORT INTERNODES(SHI) gene is one of a 10-member SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) gene family in Arabidopsis that includes important developmental regulators. • Using comparative sequence analysis of the SRS gene families in...