East Africa Community exchange rate volatility spiraled up when the countries adopted Structural Adjustment Policies in early 1980s. The question that remains unanswered is whether hinders or promotes trade. objective of this study was to determine effect and its on Intra-East community regional Unit root tests results indicated some variables were stationary at levels first difference, all I(1...

The year 2020 was a landmark for Afghanistan. country witnessed the signing of peace deal between US and Taliban as well beginning intra-Afghan negotiations that, first time since 2001, brought together representatives from Government These two political milestones occurred in parallel to long-delayed final announcement September 2019 Presidential elections results. This followed by power-shari...

One of the objectives Pacific Alliance is trade integration orientated towards Asia-Pacific; However, bloc’s members into that region’s markets circumscribed by their low levels intra-regional and limited export diversification. On this basis, research seeks to explain extent which affects its inclusion in Asia-Pacific markets. The methodology explanatory. Indicators ofeconomic interdependence ...

The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has become one of the main economic forces globally, and countries within IOR have attempted to promote their intra-regional trade. This study investigates spatiotemporal evolution community structures trade impact determinant factors on formation from 1996 2017 using methods social network analysis. Trade communities are groups with measurably denser intra-trade t...