For the couple having trouble achieving pregnancy, the options and opportunities for assistance have never been brighter. Options such as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been developed over the past five decades and provide hope for couples that previously would have been considered infertile. In vitro fertilization and intr...

The introduction of the technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection to achieve fertilization, especially using surgically retrieved testicular or epididymal sperm from men with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia, has revolutionized the field of assisted reproduction. The techniques for the retrieval of spermatozoa vary from relatively simple percutaneous sperm aspiration to open excis...

Although intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allows proper fertilization in most cases of male sub fertility, it is one of the most unphysiological techniques in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Thus, over the last decade, researchers have tried to improve sperm observation with higher-resolution microscopy techniques such as the intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm inje...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Rochford Medical for the kind donation of P-1 throughout the duration of this study. 1. Waterstone, JJ. and Parsons, JH. (1992) A prospective study to Investigate the value of flushing follicles during transvaginal ultrasound-directed follicle aspiration, Fertil. Steril. 57,221-223. 2. Staessen, C., Janssenwillen, C. et al. (1998) Controlled comp...

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to measure circulating and intrafollicular concentrations of three inflammatory cytokines from women undergoing ovarian stimulation in order to determine their prognostic value in the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection/embryo transfer cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 women following ovarian stimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injecti...

background: the direct effect of hcg on the human endometrium was studied several times. objective: the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhcg) before embryo transfer (et). materials and methods: in this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, a total number of 182 infertile patients undergoin...