The investment climate characterizes the object's attractiveness for a domestic or foreign investor. It is evaluated using various statistical analysis methods, but there has yet to be universally accepted method of its evaluation now. Therefore, applying economic and mathematical modeling will allow assessing relationship between development regions their climate. purpose this research apply t...

Abstract Planning adaptations to climate change require an understanding of how climate-related impacts cascade across sectors society. Equally important is the need engage stakeholders in discussions impacts, risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation issues. The impact chain (IC) approach, which emerged about a decade ago, can be used reveal potential risks vulnerabilities visualize may propagate...

Although various studies have shown that corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by displacing fossil fuel use, many of these studies fail to include how land-use history affects the net carbon balance through changes in soil carbon content. We evaluated the effectiveness and economic value of corn and cellulosic ethanol production for reducing net GHG emissions when produced on lan...

Climate change is likely to alter the spatial distributions of species and habitat types but the nature of such change is uncertain. Thus, climate change makes it difficult to implement standard conservation planning paradigms. Previous work has suggested some approaches to cope with such uncertainty but has not harnessed all of the benefits of risk diversification. We adapt Modern Portfolio Th...

Because of the uncertainty about how to model the growth process of our economy, there is still much confusion about which discount rates should be used to evaluate actions having long-lasting impacts, as in the contexts of climate change, social security reforms or large public infrastructures for example. In this paper, we take this critique seriously by assuming that the random walk of econo...

Climate warming can modify plant reproductive fitness through direct and indirect pathways. Direct effects include temperature-driven impacts on growth, reproduction, and secondary metabolites. Indirect effects may manifest through altered species interactions, including herbivory, although studies comparing the interactive effects of warming and herbivory are few. We used experimental warming ...