We structurally estimate a model of occupational choice between wage work and entrepreneurship which allows for ‘involuntary entrepreneurship’ (running business out necessity). Involuntary entrepreneurs would earn higher income as workers but cannot access job because labor market frictions. Using Thai urban household data, we the share involuntary 19% all businesses in our sample, with robustn...

Current statutes enabling psychiatric advance directives (PADs) typically include provisions allowing override of patients' choices by treatment staff. Lest the purpose of the PAD be vitiated by too broad an application of the override mechanism, its use should be carefully limited. In inpatient settings, voluntary patients should have the right to decline treatments in advance, although not an...

We propose that voluntary and involuntary attention affect different mechanisms and have different consequences for performance measured in reaction time. Voluntary attention enhances the perceptual representation whereas involuntary attention affects the tendency to respond to stimuli in one location or another. In a spatial-cueing paradigm, we manipulated perceptual difficulty and compared vo...

There are no published data on the rates of competency restoration for adjudicated incompetent felony criminal defendants diagnosed with delusional disorder. A retrospective record review was conducted of all incompetent defendants with the principal diagnosis of delusional disorder who had undergone involuntary medication treatment for competency restoration during a 13-year period at a federa...

Voluntary’ and ‘Involuntary’ Early Retirement: An International Analysis Recent literature makes a distinction between 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement, where 'involuntary' early retirement results from employment constraints rather than from a preference for leisure relative to work. This paper analyzes 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement based on international microda...

Sir,?As Captain Duer suggests i" the Indian Medical Gazette, October 1901, it would interest us much to hear more from our experienced operators of the cause of this accident of involuntary iridectomy. I have often wondered why more has not been said about it. When it has happened to me I have always put it down to want of skill. Perhaps it has been so. I do not believe that it is always due to...

Background and objectivesEpilepsy is a neural disorder that occurs because of disruption in conductions various parts the brain mainly characterized by seizures, pensive gaze, involuntary mimics, contractions, meaningless speeches, repetitive movements, loss consciousness. The serious side effects conventional drug delivery systems due to high applied doses, low transition rates brain, limitati...

Coercion, compulsory admission, and the involuntary treatment of the mentally ill are among the most controversial issues in mental health care and are the subject of ongoing debate among patients, mental health care professionals, and a wider public. Physical restraint, seclusion, the involuntary application of neuroleptic drugs, and numerous other forms of compulsorily applied treatments are ...

Sir,?I must plead guilty to having performed many iridectomies unintentionally, and at the same time point out the cause of this little accident in most of my cases. This was a "bellying" of the blade of the Grafe's knife. If instead of the knife being, except at the point, of equal thickness and width there be a " belly " or greater width in the forepart of the blade, leaving the part near the...

We reviewed 115 incontinent women undergoing conservative treatment. Urinary incontinence was caused by pelvic floor weakness (genuine stress incontinence) in 54 patients, by involuntary detrusor contraction (detrusor instability) in 38 and by both (mixed type) in 23. Tricyclic antidepressants or alpha-adrenergic stimulators were given to 30 patients with pelvic floor weakness; Incontinence dis...