A simple intellectual property rights (IPRs) framework is introduced into a dynamic quality ladder model of technological diffusion between innovating firms in one country and imitating firms in another country. The presence of technological spillovers and feedback effects between firms in the two countries demonstrates that, even when steady state growth increases, transition costs sometimes d...

We examine South’s incentive to protect IPR in a North-South duopoly model where (i) the North firm owns a better technology and has the option of serving the South market via exports or FDI, and (ii) the South firm can invest in absorptive capacity to reduce the technology gap. While FDI by North firm makes absorption easier for South, investment in absorptive capacity by the South firm might ...

We analysed the use of professional representative services and related outcomes in patent, utility model, design right trademark filings. found that: 1) there is a positive association between likelihood grant or registration; 2) demand for intellectual property rights (IPR) heterogeneous IPR types: applicants are most likely to hire representatives (IPR agents attorneys) patents, followed by ...

Thorough tests were conducted on video watermarking systems in 2000 [3]. Audio watermarking tests followed and have recently been completed. The process was lengthy, starting in June 2001 and finishing in July 2003. In summary, a list of technical requirements was made ... Calls For Systems were issued ... systems were received ... and then they were tested. Several members of EBU Project Group...

By a result due to Furstenberg, a homeomorphism T of a compact space is distal if and only if it possesses the property of IP-recurrence, meaning that for any x0 ∈ X, for any open neighborhood U of x0, and for any sequence (ni) in Z, the set RU (x0) = {n ∈ Z : T x0 ∈ U} has a non-trivial intersection with the set of finite sums {ni1 +ni2 + · · ·+nis : i1 < i2 < . . . < is, s ∈ N}. We show that ...

An exceptionally low coordinate nickel imido complex, (IPr*)Ni═N(dmp) (2) (dmp = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl), has been prepared by the elimination of N2 from a bulky aryl azide in its reaction with (IPr*)Ni(η6-C7H8) (1). The solid-state structure of 2 features two-coordinate nickel with a linear C−Ni−N core and a short Ni−N distance, both indicative of multiple-bond character. Computational studies us...

This paper examines how intellectual property rights (IPR) protection affects innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) using a North–South quality-ladder model incorporating the exogenous and costless imitation of technology and subsidy policies for both R&D and FDI. We show that for the interior steady state to be stable, either R&D or FDI subsidy rates must be positive. Our findings als...

As a result of external pressures and to meet its own economic objectives, China has been moving its intellectual property rights (IPR) regime closer to those found in many more developed nations. As China’s economy grows, its transition from manufacturingbased to knowledge-based production, more comprehensive laws, and more attention to enforcement have led to an increase in the number of IPR ...

Triazoliumfullerene was first prepared by the [3+2] cycloaddition of in situ generated 1,3-diaza-2-azoniaallene with fullerene and was characterized by the dispersed positive charge over the fullerene sphere associated with periconjugation. This new type of amphiphilic fullerene tended to form vesicles and crystalline aggregates after the casting of THF or MeOH solutions.