Learning models that are robust to distribution shifts is a key concern in the context of their real-life applicability. Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) popular framework aims learn from multiple environments. The success IRM requires an important assumption: underlying causal mechanisms/features remain invariant across When not satisfied, we show can over-constrain predictor and remedy this,...

Despite impressive success in many tasks, deep learning models are shown to rely on spurious features, which will catastrophically fail when generalized out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) is proposed alleviate this issue by extracting domain-invariant features for OOD generalization. Nevertheless, recent work shows that IRM only effective a certain type of distrib...

Abstract. In light of recent pink bollworm (PBW) pest infestations in several cotton-producing states India, farmers genetically engineered Bt cotton (Bt for Bacillus thuringiensis) have faced fierce criticism their noncompliance with the national insect resistance management (IRM) strategy. We argue that this is short-sighted and one-dimensional. Building upon literature on policy assemblages ...

In the Drosophila eye, neighboring ommatidia are separated by inter-ommatidial cells (IOCs). How this ommatidial spacing emerges during eye development is not clear. Here we demonstrate that four adhesion molecules of the Irre cell recognition module (IRM) family play a redundant role in maintaining separation of ommatidia. The four IRM proteins are divided into two groups: Kirre and Rst are ex...

Rhinorrhea is a prominent symptom of the common cold. Although increases in vascular permeability and serous cell secretion have been demonstrated in human nasal mucus during active rhinovirus infections, changes in mucin constituents have not been quantified. Nonallergic ( n= 48) and asymptomatic allergic rhinitis ( n = 32) subjects were inoculated with rhinovirus type hanks before the spring ...

Les kystes péri-neuraux sont des kystes des racines nerveuses trouvés le plus souvent au niveau de la colonne sacrée survenant entre des couches de recouvrement de la périnèvre et l'endonèvre. Ils sont relativement rares et la plupart d'entre eux sont asymptomatiques. Certains kystes d'eux peuvent exercer une pression sur les éléments nerveux, entraînant d'une sciatique, d'un déficit moteur et ...

BACKGROUND Conflicting results were reported on the association between the TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM). Though three meta-analyses have been conducted on this topic, the conclusions were contradictory, and the results may be unreliable as certain crucial conditions were neglected. METHOD A complete search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, an...