Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is defined as brief episodes of ischemia followed by a long period of ischemia, representing the most powerful endogenous mechanism against the injurious effects of ischemia [1]. Several studies in animals and humans have clearly demonstrated the capacity of IPC to protect organs against ischemic injury (see reviews [2,3]). Various pathways have been implicated in...

Myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent endogenous mechanism of cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study we focused on the second phase of IPC as the most interesting in terms of therapeutic implementations. We aimed at the detection of genes, which are differentially expressed at 16 h after reperfusion. Preconditioning of canine myocardium was initiated...

In young rats, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), which consists of 4 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion alleviated kidney injury caused by 40-min ischemia. However,old rats lost their ability to protect the ischemic kidney by IPC. A similar aged phenotype was demonstrated in 6-month-old OXYS rats having signs of premature aging. In the kidney of old and OXYS rats, the levels of acetylated nuclear...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient ischemic attacks have long been regarded as a risk factor for the incidence of stroke but may reduce the severity of stroke by inducing ischemic tolerance. The present objective was to develop an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) model of delayed tolerance in the mouse based on repetitive, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Mice anesthetiz...

THE CONCEPT OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING (IPC) was introduced in 1986 by Murry, Jennings, and Reimer (10). These investigators showed that four brief 5-min periods of ischemia in canine hearts produced a marked reduction in myocardial infarct size in dogs subjected to 40 min of coronary artery occlusion and 72 h of reperfusion compared with a nonpreconditioned group. This finding has stimulated ...

OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on c-myb immunoreactivity as well as neuronal damage/death after a subsequent lethal transient ischemia in gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS IPC was subjected to a 2 min sublethal ischemia and a lethal transient ischemia was given 5 min transient ischemia. The animals in all of the groups were given rec...

Recently, the involvement of sarcolemmal K(ATP) (sarcK(ATP)) channels in ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning (IPC and PPC) has been minimized by numerous studies suggesting a primary role for mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) channels in early and delayed cardioprotection. Although the mitoK(ATP) channel has clearly been shown to be a distal effector of delayed IPC and PPC, studies imp...

2 Objectives: We have recently proposed that chloride (Cl ) channels contribute to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the myocardium. 2 To further evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated the role of Cl channels in pharmacological preconditioning. Methods: Isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes and isolated buffer-perfused rabbit hearts were initially preconditioned with a 10 min exposure to either an ...

PURPOSE Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the rat retina against the injury that ordinarily follows prolonged ischemia. It has been shown that release of adenosine, de novo protein synthesis, and mediators, such as protein kinase C and K(ATP) channels, is required for IPC protection. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by IPC are unknown. Retinal cells die after ischemia ...

Evidence indicates that ischemia/reperfusion (IR) results in endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil adhesion in the post-ischemic myocardium and that ischemic preconditioning (IPC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and anti-endothelin-1 (ET-1) interventions prevent these effects. We tested the hypothesis that ET-1-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation mediates endothelial injury and neutrophil acc...