INTRODUCTION Cyclic esotropia is a rare form of strabismus consisting of regular intervals of esotropia alternating with periods of orthophoria in a rhythmic/cyclic manner. In the vast majority of cases, surgery appears to permanently correct the esotropia, with no sequelae after years of follow-up. We report a case of consecutive exotropia in a patient five years after bilateral medial rectus ...

BACKGROUND Refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, and cortical visual impairment are observed in 50 to 90 % of patients with cerebral palsy. Ocular abnormalities are known to differ according to cerebral palsy type, and spastic type has been reported to be more likely to be associated with ocular defects than the athetoid and ataxic types. METHODS A retrospective review of medic...

To clarify surgical outcomes for 5 ophthalmic diseases in terms of vision-related quality of life (QOL), we sent a self-administered Visual Function Questionnaire-14 (VF-14) to patients 3 months postoperatively, and the VF-14 scores for the surgical outcome of strabismus were compared with those of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), cataract, glaucoma, and epiretinal membrane (ERM). Te...

purpose: to report a case of bilateral kertatoconus who presented with acute comitant esotropia after penetrating keratoplasty in the fellow eye. patient and findings: a 17-year-old male with keratoconus underwent penetrating keratoplasty in his right eye. he experienced diplopia after removal of the patch from the operated eye 12 hour postoperatively due to esotropia in his left (unoperated) e...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession (ULR) and unilateral recess-resect (RR) for intermittent exotropia of 20-25 prism diopters (PD). METHODS In this retrospective study, ULR was performed on 82 patients and RR on 98 patients for the treatment of intermittent exotropia of 20-25 PD with a follow-up period of 24 months or m...

PURPOSE To analyze postoperative results of intermittent exotropia as a function of the difference in strabismic angles measured immediately and another time prior to the surgery. METHODS We reviewed the clinical records of intermittent exotropia patients who received surgery and had differences greater than or equal to 10 prism diopters (PD) between the last preoperative measurement of strab...

PURPOSE To investigate the association between concomitant esotropia or concomitant exotropia and refractive error in preschool children. METHODS A population-based sample of 5831 children aged 3 to 6 years was selected from all kindergartens in a representative county (Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) of Nanjing, China. Clinical examinations including ocular alignment, ocular mo...

PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term results of 2-muscle surgery in children with primary large-angle exotropia, comparing 10 mm bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (recess/resect). DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Eighty-six children with exotropia of ≥40 prism diopters (PD), who underwent the 10 mm BLR (BLR group)...