This review covers both the history and present state of the kinetics of thermally stimulated reactions in solids. The traditional methodology of kinetic analysis, which is based on ® tting data to reaction models, dates back to the very ® rst isothermal studies. The model ® tting approach suŒers from an inability to determine the reaction model uniquely, and this does not allow reliable mechan...

In the modeling of solids the free energy, the energy, and the entropy play a central role. We show that the free entropy, which is defined as the negative of the free energy divided by the temperature, is similarly important. The derivatives of the free energy are suitable thermodynamical driving forces for reversible (i.e. Hamiltonian) parts of the dynamics, while for the dissipative parts th...

The green blends of an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide {[EPrI][TFSI]}, and a biodegradable polymer, poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), were investigated in this study. The influence of an ionic liquid on the crystallization behaviors of a biodegradable polymer was explored. In the blends, the presence of [EPrI][TFSI] decreased the Tg and Tm of PHB. Incor...

The statistics of isothermal lines and loops of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation on the sky map is studied and the fractal structure is confirmed in the radiation temperature fluctuation. We estimate the fractal exponents, such as the fractal dimension De of the entire pattern of isothermal lines, the fractal dimension Dc of a single isothermal line, the exponent in Korčak’s law ...

bainitic transformation at low transformation temperatures leads to a microstructure involving fine plates of bainitic ferrite and thin films of retained austenite. this microstructure has shown ultimate tensile strength of about 2.2 gpa, noticeable uniform elongation in the range of 5 to 30%, hardness values of about 600 to 670 hv and impact toughness in the range of 30 to 40 mpa m1/2. with ca...

The in-situ anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam (ε-CL) to polyamide-6 enables the production large, near net shape fiber reinforced composites by thermoplastic resin transfer molding. For propagation flow front as well for progress solidification, simultaneous processes and crystallization corresponding reaction kinetics play a central role. To investigate these processes, preparation react...

We developed a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect rrs, a 16S rRNA gene of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in urine. The method enables detection of two leptospiral cells per reaction mixture following boiling of urine specimens. The sensitivity of this method is higher than that of culture or of flaB nested PCR.