Some Areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran are among the world’s wellknown inhabited areas with highest levels of natural radiation. Annual exposure levels in these areas are up to 260 mGy y‐1 and the mean exposure rate is about 10 mGy y‐1 for a population of about 2000 residents. If elevated levels of natural radiation as high as a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health and...

Stator flux oriented vector control of induction motor (IM) drives for speed sensorless control has several advantages. But the application of a pure integrator for the flux estimation is difficult due to the presence of measurement noise and dc offset. To overcome these problems, some have used a programmable cascaded low pass filter (PCLPF). In this paper, it is shown that some problems still...

Nowadays, many real problems in the Artificial Intelligence environments, can be efficiently modelled as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP’s) and can be solved by means of Operational Research techniques. It is well known that any non-binary CSP can be transformed into an equivalent binary one, using some of the current techniques. However, this transformation may not be practical in proble...

Having a robot that carries out a task for you is certainly of some help. Having a group of robots seems to be even better because in this case the task may be finished faster and more reliably. However, dealing with a group of robots can make some problems more difficult. In this paper we sketch some of the advantages and some problems that come up when dealing with groups of robots. In partic...

muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness (myopathy) and atrophy (loss of muscle mass) due to defects in one or more genes required for normal muscle function. some of the genes responsible for these conditions have been identified .there are a number of different types of muscular dystrophy. the primary symptom for most types is muscle weakness, althou...