Since Roman Antiquity, domestic and wild animals have been transported over long distances for purposes as different as improvement of livestock production, food supply, scientific interest, public entertainment, war and numerous other purposes. This long distance transportation was originally limited to the Mediterranean area but, during the Middle Ages extended to the rest of Europe. The conq...

unexpected extreme sudden traumatic stressor may cause post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd). important traumatic events include war, violent personal assault ( e.g. , sexual assault, and physical attack), being taken hostage or kidnapped, confinement as a prisoner of war, torture, terrorist attack, severe car accidents, and natural disasters. in childhood age sexual abuse or witnessing serious...

(2) This is a detailed history of veterinary education in Innsbruck from its Viennese beginnings in an institution founded after the Seven Years' War for the training of army blacksmiths to preserve the health of cavalry horses, and progressing to become a subject taught at the University of Innsbruck. One of the pioneers among the teachers was J. G. Wolstein whose book on cattle epidemics was ...