Observer design for nonlinear systems with incomplete state observations is of practical significance. Despite numerous existing works and recent developments in handling multiple types of nonlinearities, it is still an open challenge to reduce conservatism of synthesis conditions for systems with large Lipschitz constants, and to improve computational efficiency for complex real-world dynamics...

This study aims to analyze the effect of competition on accounting conservatism, earnings management, and management with conservatism as a mediator. The population in this was 45 companies. sampling technique used purposive method, order obtain number samples many 15 analysis uses path analysis. results show that has an conservatism. Competition affects management. Accounting significant

Whether a species niche is conserved or shifts across space and time is a question of heightened interest in ecology and evolution. Considerable scientific inquiry into this topic has used invasive species to evaluate conservatism of the Grinnellian climatic niche while generally neglecting the Eltonian functional niche. By contrast, we report here on the first simultaneous reciprocal compariso...

We argue that the political effects of negativity bias are narrower than Hibbing et al. suggest. Negativity bias reliably predicts social, but not economic, conservatism, and its political effects often vary across levels of political engagement. Thus the role of negativity bias in broad ideological conflict depends on the strategic packaging of economic and social attitudes by political elites.

In this paper, we study firms’ incentives to promote innovation. We analyze a situation in which an employee in a firm can invest in discovering new ideas. An innovative employee has to decide whether to disclose his idea within the firm, to maintain the status-quo by not implementing it, or to form a spin-out firm. In a framework in which intellectual property rights are not perfect, a contrac...