We aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of a supine and standing knee joint position sense (JPS) test, respectively, whether they discriminate knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury from asymptomatic knees. Repeated measures cross-sectional. Research laboratory. For reliability, 24 persons discriminative analysis: 1) ACLR - 18 on average 23 months after unilateral ACL reconst...

background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...

The present paper describes a pneumatically-driven forceps manipulator for minimally-invasive robot surgery that has a simplified flexible wrist joint for easy fabrication, cost reduction and future miniaturization. The joint structure consists only of a machined spring, and four NiTi super-elastic wires fixed to the joint-end are actuated by pneumatic cylinders in push-pull motions. This mecha...

AIMS To determine the frontal plane position of the ground reaction force vector at its centre of pressure under the hoof of walking horses, and its projection through the distal limb joints, and to relate this to hoof geometric measurements. METHODS Reflective markers were glued to the forelimb hooves and skin of 26 horses, over palpable landmarks representing centres of the coffin, fetlock ...

Present quantum theory, which is statistical in nature, does not predict joint probability distribution of position and momentum because they are noncommuting. We propose a deterministic quantum theory which predicts a joint probability distribution such that the separate probability distributions for position and momentum agree with usual quantum theory. Unlike the Wigner distribution the sugg...