This series of papers is devoted to identifying and explaining the properties of strongly correlating liquids, i.e., liquids with more than 90% correlation between their virial W and potential energy U fluctuations in the NV T ensemble. Paper IV [N. Gnan et al., J. Chem. Phys. 131, 234504 (2009)] showed that strongly correlating liquids have “isomorphs”, which are curves in the phase diagram al...