After the collapse of communism, Eastern and Southeastern European counties have experienced significant changes, especially in terms of transition to market economy was achieved through efforts of liberalization and elimination of all forms of national control. As a consequence, some of the social welfare states in the region, still anchored to the old forms of organization, faced serious diff...

Innovation by users is now understood to be an important part of innovative activity in the economy. In this paper we explore the implications of adding innovation by users to existing models of social welfare that currently assume innovation by manufacturers only. We find this addition removes several inefficiencies, and that social welfare is likely to be increased by the presence of user inn...

We present a formal logic of social welfare functions. The logical language is syntactically simple, but expressive enough to express interesting and complicated properties of social welfare functions involving, e.g., quantification over both preference relations and over individual alternatives, such as Arrow’s thorem.

The (generalized) Gini indices rely on the social welfare function of a decision maker who behaves in accordance with Yaari’s model, with a function f that transforms frequencies. This SWF can also be represented as the weighted sum of the welfare of all the possible coalitions in the society, where the welfare of a coalition is defined as the income of the worst-off member of that coalition. W...

introduction: citation tracking is a bibliometrics method to analyze the scientific impact of journal articles which can be done through scopus (sc), google scholar (gs), or isi web of knowledge (wos). in the current study, we analyzed the citations to 2006-2012 articles of iranian journal of nuclear medicine (ijnm) in the sc and gs. methods: we retrieved the relevant data from sc and gs offici...

This paper considers the social welfare implications of having a public rating agency in-stead of private sector credit rating agencies. The public rating agency is assumed to pay a fix compensation rather than a performance sensitive compensation and is assumed to dismiss its employee in case of "misconduct." The model predicts that the public rating agency may be socially beneficial if invest...

We study a model of political economy in which the policy choice of an incumbent politician when he is concerned with the perception of his capability. We show that politicians may engage in socially detrimental reform in order to be perceived as more capable. Conservative institutions that thwart reform may potentially improve social welfare.

We construct a model of trade with heterogeneous retailers to examine the effects of trade liberalization on retail market structure, imports and social welfare. We are especially interested in investigating the transmission of lower import prices into consumer prices and the effects of retail market regulation. The paper shows that changes in import prices may have large effects on consumer pr...

This paper examines a two-period mixed market model in which a welfaremaximizing public firm and a profit-maximizing private firm can use inventory investment as a strategic device. It is then demonstrated that the equilibrium in the second period coincides with the Stackelberg solution where the private firm is the leader, and at equilibrium, both social welfare and the private firm’s profit a...