ABSTRACT Shocks waves are a ubiquitous feature of many astrophysical plasma systems, and an important process for energy dissipation transfer. The physics these shock frequently treated/modelled as collisional, fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) discontinuity, despite the fact that shocks occur in collisionless regime. In light this, using fully kinetic, 3D simulations non-relativistic, parallel p...

where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the upstream and downstream flow conditions, respectively; F Froude number; F=V / gd; d and V flow depth and velocity, respectively; and g=gravity acceleration. The hydraulic jump is typically classified in terms of its inflow Froude number F1=V1 / gd1, which must be greater than unity Bélanger 1828; Henderson 1966 . For F1 slightly above unity, the hydraulic j...

Discrete mechanics is presented as an alternative to the equations of fluid mechanics, in particular Navier-Stokes equation. The derivation discrete equation motion built from intuitions Galileo, principles Galilean equivalence and relativity. Other more recent concepts such between mass energy Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition complete formal framework used write a fundamental law conservation acc...

The seafloor is considered to be a thin surface layer overlying an elastic half space. In addition to layers of this type being thin, they may also have shear wave speeds that can be small (order 100 m/s). Both the thin and low-shear properties, viewed as small parameters, can cause mathematical and numerical singularities to arise. Following the derivation presented by Gilbert [Geophys. J. Int...

Purpose: Various kinematics and kinetics methods have been proposed for the assessment of jumping ability as a critical skill in professional volleyball players, but little is known about the accuracy and differences between these methods. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to answer the question “Is there any difference between the results of various kinetic methods in the asses...

There is a substantial evidence that plyometric training significantly increases muscular strength and vertical jump. Due to the vigorous nature of this type of training, however, there is a risk of incurring musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, conducting plyometric exercise programs in an aquatic environment might lead to significant improvements in vertical jump with possibly a lower risk of...