Introduction The term “phenotype” comes from the Greek word “phaino” are is the mix of characteristics and properties of the body, formed in the process of individual development. In medicine phenotype has traditionally been viewed as the result of the interaction of the genotype (genetic characteristics of the organism to the conditions of external environment. Different authors in the allocat...

Introduction Atlantoaxial instability has been described as a manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis (juvenile and adult onset), reactive arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis; however, it has rarely been reported as an early manifestation of these disorders (1). Instability of the atlantoaxial joint may lead to impingement on the cord and brainstem. There may also...

BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic disease causing uveitis in childhood, with a prevalence of 10 per 100 000 persons. JIA often takes a severe inflammatory course, and its complications often endanger vision. METHODS This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective literature search up to 18 August 2014 and on the current interdiscipl...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. Clinical consequences of the atherosclerotic process occur in the adult population, however atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. The classic risk factors for atherosclerosis include obesity, dyslipidaemia, age, gender or family history. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the similarity between atherosclerotic i...

Biologic agents represent a major advance in the treatment of JIA. In 2008 a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning raised the hypothesis that anti-TNF therapies may be associated with anincreased incidence of malignancies in children. More recent data seem to suggest that JIA itself, as in the case of RA, is associated with an increased risk of malignancy and that this risk is not furth...

Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a severe complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and other inflammatory diseases, represents a one of the most important rheumatological emergencies. Delayed diagnosis could lead to life-threatening complications. Pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH), possible seen at all ages but most commonly among children, usually appears as an...

The purpose of the present study was to extend our knowledge of the occurrence, characteristics and prognosis of uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA: arthritis of unknown cause of at least six weeks' duration in a child under 16 years of age). The occurrence of uveitis was examined retrospectively in subjects entitled under the nationwide sickness insurance scheme to rec...

BACKGROUND Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI), a common procedure in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, is usually associated with anxiety and pain. In a previous study, we concluded that nitrous oxide (NO2) provides effective and safe sedation for such procedures. Following the introduction of medical clowns in our hospital, we added them as an integral part of the team performing IAC...

Introduction Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (systemic-JIA) is characterized by the presence of arthritis associated with systemic manifestations and an important inflammatory response, being always a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. The association of systemic-JIA with autoimmune diseases is uncommon. The authors found only one description of systemic-JIA associated with autoimmune hepa...

Clinical depiction, treatment and long term follow up characterization of a group of enthesitis related arthritis juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients from a spanish pediatric tertiary hospital Samuel Hernandez Baldizon, Vicente Torrente-Segarra, Estibaliz Iglesias, Rosa Bou, Judith Sanchez Manubens, Joan Calzada Hernandez, Lilian López Núñez, Clara GiménezRoca, Silvia Ricart, Joan Nolla Solé...