Based on these approaches, several types of medications, such as taste adulterants, stimulants, and tranquilizers have been tested as aids to smoking cessation (Kozlowski, in press; Raw 1978; Grabowski and Hall, this volume). Most of these medications have not been efficacious. Nicotine chewing gum is the exception (Hughes and Miller 1984). The major hypotheses to explain the efficacy of nicoti...

Gum arabic is used throughout the world for various purposes including food additive and pharmaceutical excipient. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of gum arabic on gastric ulcers in rats. The influence of gum arabic on the antiulcer activity of ranitidine, a known antiulcer drug was also evaluated. The antiulcer study was carried out in acetic acid induced chronic gastr...

Two experiments independently investigated the basis of the chewing gum induced context-dependent memory effect. At learning and/or recall, participants either chewed flavourless gum (Experiment 1) or received mint-flavoured strips (Experiment 2). No context-dependent memory effect was found with either flavourless gum or mint-flavoured strips, indicating that independently the contexts were in...

Methyl sterculate was rearranged by use of 0.5% of rhodium catalyst to isomeric conjugated diene fatty acid methyl esters containing both methyleneand methyl-branched isomers. The rearranged products were hydrogenated directly to saturated, methyl-substituted, branched-chain fatty acid methyl esters with the methyl substituent at one of the positions formerly occupied by the cyclopropenoid ring...

A study on unconventional seed oils from Burkina Faso was carried out to determine their potential usefulness. The highest oil content was obtained with Marantes polyandra (55.0%) and the lowest with Detarium microcarpum seed oil (12.0%). Linoleic and oleic acids were the most dominant fatty acids of Balanites aegyptiaca, Combretum aculeatum, Detarium microcarpum and Lophira lanceolata. Eleoste...

Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors' institutions or the financial sponsors of this publication. Contents Abbreviations vi Acknowledgements vii Foreword viii 1 Challenges and forest-based opportunities in the drylands of Ethiopia 1 1.1 Drylands of Ethiopia 1 1.2 Challenges facing the drylands of Ethi...

OBJECTIVES The finding that chewing gum can moderate state anxiety under conditions of acute stress has proved difficult to replicate. The present study examines the extent to which chewing gum can moderate state anxiety under conditions of acute social stress. METHOD In a between-participants design, 36 participants completed a task comprising a mock job interview (a variation on the Trier S...

Xanthan gum is an anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Synergistic galactomannan – xanthan gum interactions are used for commercial and technological applications. Prosopis seed gum were mixed with xanthan gum (Sigma, U.S.A) at the following ratios 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 (0.5 % ). Solutions (w/w) were prepared and heated for 1 h. After...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the safety and efficacy of treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum for smoking cessation during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women who smoked daily received individualized behavioral counseling and random assignment to a 6-week treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum or placebo followed by a 6-week taper period. Women who did not quit smoking were instructed to reduce the number of cig...