We analyze the taxation of top personal incomes in Germany on the basis of an integrated data file of individual tax returns and a general household survey for the years 1992 2002. The unique feature of this integrated data set is that it includes all taxpayers in the top percentile of the gross income distribution. We show that despite substantial tax base erosion and significant reductions of...

For a thousand years, income growth was associated with a rising military employment share. But this share peaked in the early 20th century, after which military employment shares fell with income growth. Rising military shares were driven by structural change out of agriculture, and the recent declines are driven by substitution from soldiers towards military goods. I document evidence for thi...

Many fishers diversify their income by participating in multiple fisheries, which has been shown to significantly reduce year-to-year variation in income. The ability of fishers to diversify has become increasingly constrained in the last few decades, and catch share programs could further reduce diversification as a result of consolidation. This could increase income variation and thus financi...

The concentration of personal wealth is now receiving a great deal of attention - after having been neglected for many years. One reason is the growing recognition that, in seeking explanations for rising income inequality, we need to look not only at wages and earned income but also at income from capital, particularly at the top of the distribution. In this paper, we use evidence from existin...

 For all age groups above 65, Social Security remains the primary source of income. In 2009, households ages 65–74 and households with members age 85 or above received 54 percent and 66 percent of their total household incomes, respectively, from Social Security benefits.  The importance of Social Security income increases with age. For households that had members ages 65– 69 in 2001, the sha...

Before making a decision, investors will analyze the company's performance first, one of ratios used by to measure level success in assessing shares, difficulty regarding valuation undervalued requires fundamentally, which is price book value. PBV) shows stock prices are categorized as expensive and cheap buying selling definitely choose stocks maximize profits (return), so authors interested c...

We study the effect of upsurge natural resources income from commodity price boom 2000s on functional distribution income. To do so, we build a general equilibrium model Dutch disease that characterizes how resource windfalls affect factor shares. The theory suggests response shares to exogenous changes in prices depends relative intensity which factors are used tradable and sectors. construct ...