A faster, more accurate replacement for existing collision algorithms has been developed. The method, called the NTC algorithm, is not grid dependent, and is much faster than older algorithms. Calculations with sixty thousand parcels required only a few CPU minutes. However, there is a significant need to develop mesh-independent momentum coupling between the gas and spray, so that the collisio...

A numerical investigation of fuel composition effects on spray combustions is presented. A new discrete multicomponent (DMC) fuel model was used to represent the properties and composition of multi-component fuels. A multi-dimensional CFD code, KIVA-ERC-Chemkin, that is coupled with improved sub-models and the Chemkin library, was employed for the simulations. A large-bore, optically accessible...

INTRODUCTION The different volatility of the components of a fuel mixture will result in different vaporization rates of components at the droplet surface, and the fuel becomes non-uniform inside the liquid phase because of the mass diffusion resistance inside the droplet. For practical, multidimensional simulations of IC engines, zero-dimensional models for the liquid phase are necessary becau...

Recent research finds that people respond more generously to identified victims compared to abstract victims. For example, people are more generous towards a single, identified victim compared to a group of victims (Kogut & Ritov, 2005) and compared to a single unidentified (i.e., not yet determined) victim (Small &d Loewenstein, 2003). In this chapter we propose that this 'identifiable victim ...

Microcredit interest costs remain higher than those of commercial banks in spite of significant donor funds, largely owing to transaction costs relative to small loan sizes. With the rise of Web 2.0 and online social interactivity, can these transaction costs be reduced through peer to peer lending? Peer to Peer lending and Web 2.0 have two things in common. The first common denominator is that...

We propose a new method for detecting verb alternations, by comparing the probability distributions over WordNet classes occurring in two potentially alternating argument positions. Existing distance measures compute only the distributional distance, and do not take into account the semantic similarity between WordNet senses across the distributions. Our method compares two probability distribu...

2021 is the fiftieth anniversary year for Japanese live-action superhero franchise Kamen Rider. For half a century, heroes bearing name Rider have battled rubber suited monsters and defended smiles of children. Unlike many superheroes, however, Riders are grotesque heroes, usually drawing their powers from same source as villains they battle. Grotesque human-machine-animal hybrids, differ oppon...

While the study and interpretation of mortuary practices have long been important parts of archaeological analyses, rarely has residential burial – the practice of burying the deceased in and around houses – been a specific focus of investigation. Here, we examine some of the global contexts in which residential burial has occurred and discuss the different ways that archaeologists have interpr...