With the continuous creation, sharing and transformation of data resulting from Research and Development in the Life Sciences domain, provenance tracking and valorization of research outputs remain challenges. Tracing biomedical materials and associated data throughout the research life cycle requires tracking materials, methods, transformations, partial results, locations and many other facets...

Incorporating the decision of how to organize the acquisition, use, and communication of knowledge into economic models is essential to understand a wide variety of economic phenomena. We survey the literature that has used knowledge-based hierarchies to study issues such as the evolution of wage inequality, the growth and productivity of firms, economic development, and the gains from internat...

The Triple Helix model of university-industry-government relations can be generalized from a neo-institutional model of networks of relations to a neo-evolutionary model of how three selection environments operate upon one another. Two selection mechanisms operating upon each other can mutually shape a trajectory, while three selection environments can be expected to generate a regime. The neo-...

knowledge-based one.

In biological systems, the capacity of anticipation—that is, entertaining a model of the system within the system—can be considered as naturally given. Human languages enable psychological systems to construct and exchange mental models of themselves and their environments reflexively, that is, provide meaning to the events. At the level of the social system expectations can further be codified...

Information and knowledge are important prerequisites for innovation activity in firms. One important means of acquiring complementary knowledge are innovation networks. Depending on their absorptive capacity and knowledge base, firms develop different abilities to access and utilise external knowledge. These abilities might also be linked to firm size. Although size as such is not a decisive c...

imagine you have traveled to an unfamiliar city. before you start your daily tour around the city, you need to know a good route. in network theory (nt), this is the traveling salesman problem (tsp). a dynamic programming algorithm is often used for solving this problem. however, when the road network of the city is very complicated and dense, which is usually the case, it will take too long fo...