The modulation of tropical cyclone activity by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is explored using an empirical genesis potential (GP) index. Composite anomalies of the genesis index associated with the different MJO phases are consistent with the composite anomalies in TC genesis frequency that occur in the same phases, indicating that the index captures the changes in the environment that a...

In Part I of this study it was shown that air–sea coupling had a positive impact on some aspects of the simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) by a GCM. However, errors in the basic-state climate of that GCM appeared to be preventing the MJO-related convection from propagating into the west Pacific. In this paper, the actual impact of these errors will be addressed. An integration of...

The di-peptide Trp-His (WH) has vasorelaxant and anti-atherosclerotic functions. We hypothesized that WH has multiple biological functions and may aid AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and affect the glucose transport system in skeletal muscle. First, we examined whether WH or His-Trp (HW) can activate AMPKα. Treatment of L6 myotubes with WH or HW significantly increased phosphoryl...

We construct the first known family of simply connected spin symplectic 4-manifolds Mk satisfying c 2 1 (Mk)/χh(Mk) → 9 as k → ∞. Using Mk, we also construct many other new spin symplectic 4-manifolds with nonnegative signature.

The western Maritime Continent (MC) and Southeast Asia lie at the heart of largest area high precipitation on Earth. Extreme is one major high-impact weather events to affect population over 500 million in this region. deep convection associated with extreme difficult forecast, even modern high-resolution numerical prediction explicit convection. However, larger-scale organised convective syste...

27 28 Previous studies have demonstrated a link between gross moist stability (GMS) and intraseasonal 29 variability in theoretical and reduced-complexity models. In such simplified models, moisture modes— 30 convectively coupled tropical disturbances akin to the MJO whose formation and dynamics are linked to 31 moisture perturbations—develop only when GMS is either negative or " effectively " ...

Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is often observed to weaken or sometimes completely decay as its convective anomaly moves from the Indian Ocean over Maritime Continent (MC), which known MC barrier effect on MJO. This exaggerated in numerical models. Using 23 years of retrospective intraseasonal forecast two coupled model systems with useful MJO prediction skills, we show that predi...

The interaction between high-frequency transient disturbances and convection, and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), is investigated using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and satellite outgoing longwave radiation data for 15 northern winters. During the phase of the MJO with enhanced convection over the East Indian Ocean and Indonesia, and suppressed convection over the South Pacific convergence zone, b...

[1] The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropical atmosphere. This study examines the evolution of the hydrologic regime from before the onset of the MJO (pre‐onset period) to the MJO onset period, using deuterated water vapor (HDO) measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and from ground‐based stations. Ground‐based ...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropics. Despite its primary importance, a generally accepted theory that accounts for fundamental features of the MJO, including its propagation speed, planetary horizontal scale, multiscale features, and quadrupole structures, remains elusive. In this study, the authors use a shallow-water model to si...