Employing a three critical points theorem, we prove the existence ofmultiple solutions for a class of Neumann two-point boundary valueSturm-Liouville type equations. Using a local minimum theorem fordifferentiable functionals the existence of at least one non-trivialsolution is also ensured.

citizenship is one of the most important sociopolitical concepts that have full of ups and downs along the history and thinkers and scholars interested in socio culture issues have been challenged and discussed since ancient times. this concept consists of a set of rights and obligations that member of society have in related to each other, entities, and society. the aim of the research is to i...

since density is considered as one of the most important numerical indices to explain quantitative values of a plant community by affecting on many aspects and activity of ecosystem, on the other hand, awareness about plants distribution pattern in environment is an essential preparation for measurement and study of vegetative cover, therefore, in this research determination of density and dist...

The classical PCP theorem is arguably the most important achievement of classical complexity theory in the past quarter century. In recent years, researchers in quantum computational complexity have tried to identify approaches and develop tools that address the question: does a quantum version of the PCP theorem hold? The story of this study starts with classical complexity and takes unexpecte...

The touching graph of balls is a graph that admits a representation by non-intersecting balls in the space (of prescribed dimension), so that its edges correspond to touching pairs of balls. By a classical result of Koebe [?], the disc touching graphs are exactly the planar graphs. This paper deals with a recognition of unit-ball touching graphs. The 2– dimensional case was proved to be NP-hard...