Introduction: Magnesian silicates such as for-sterite (Mg 2 SiO 4) and enstatite (MgSiO 3) are major minerals in universe including disks around young stars [e.g., 1], shells around evolved stars, in particular, oxygen rich stars [e.g., 2, 3] and so on. It is thus important to understand evaporation and condensation behaviors of magnesian silicates, which are major phase-transformation reaction...

The properties of the QCD vacuum at quark chemical potentials on the order of the pion mass and at zero temperature are by now quite well understood. The insight into this non-perturbative regime of QCD is obtained using chiral perturbation theory at nonzero quark chemical potentials [1–8]. The results apply not only to ordinary QCD but also to two color QCD and to QCD with quarks in the adjoin...

When the cosmological constant is considered to be a thermodynamical variable in black hole thermodynamics, analogous to a pressure, its conjugate variable can be thought of as a thermodynamic volume for the black hole. In the AdS/CFT correspondence this interpretation cannot be applied to the CFT on the boundary but, from the point of view of the boundary SU(N) gauge theory, varying the cosmol...

We analyze the definition of the Gibbs free energy of a nanoparticle in a reactive fluid environment, and propose an approach for predicting the size of carbon nanoparticles produced by the detonation of carbon-rich explosives that regards their condensation as a nucleation process and takes into account absolute entropy effects of the cluster population. The results are consistent with experim...

A definition of the term " l i f e " , if understood as one element in a supposed class of extraterrestrial and prebiological phenomena, is shown to be logically impossible because life is the sole known element of that class. Instead, the properties of the class of "b io ids" , defined as the class of " open systems which can exist in several steady states" (DECKER and SPEIDEL, Chemiedozentent...

An appearance-based EigenTracker can track objects which simultaneously undergo image motions as well as changes in view. This paper enhances the framework in two ways. First, we incorporate a novel CONDENSATION-based predictive framework to speed up the EigenTracker. Next, our scheme is on-line: we use efficient eigenspace updates to track unknown objects. We use Importance Sampling for enhanc...

The methodology afrisk analysis and assessment is reviewed and applied to study the reliability of condensation control measures in lightweight building envelopes. It is generally recognized that airtight construction is an essential part of condensation control. Nowadays, different air barrier systems are developed and documented to prevent air leakage and moisture accumulation in the envelope...

We completely realize the ADHM construction of instantons in D-brane language of tachyon condensations. Every step of the construction is given a physical interpretation in string theory, in a boundary state formalism valid all order in α. Accordingly, equivalence between Yang-Mills configurations on D4-branes and D0-branes inside the D4-branes is proven, which shows that small instanton config...

Forced convective condensation in vertical channel is investigated numerically. The condensation boundary layers that occur due to temperature difference between the walls and saturation temperature of steam is simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The effect of variations in the hydraulic diameter, steam velocity, Re number and temperature difference between the wall and saturation te...