The effects of rosemary extract, chitosan and carnosine, added individually or in combination, on colour, lipid stability and sensory attributes of beef patties were investigated. All samples were stored for up to 15 days at 4 ± 1 oC. Surface colour (Hunter L*, a* and b* values), and lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were measured on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 of st...

Carnosine was discovered by W. S. Gulewitsch in 1900 [1]. During this time, biochemistry entered the period when the inventory of the constituents of the living cell had been started. Hence, the publication of Gulewitsch and Amiradzibi (in Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges.) on a dipeptide from muscle extract was not a big sensation. The years have passed. Biochemists have discovered many new natural com...

Serum carnosinase deficiency is an inherited disorder that leads to an accumulation of carnosine in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, skeletal muscle, and other tissues of affected patients. Considering that high levels of carnosine are associated with neurological dysfunction and that the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in serum carnosinase deficiency remain poorly understood, we i...

Here we analyzed whether the anti-neoplastic effect of carnosine, which inhibits glycolytic ATP production, can be antagonized by ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation fueled by pyruvate. Therefore, glioblastoma cells were cultivated in medium supplemented with glucose, galactose or pyruvate and in the presence or absence of carnosine. CPI-613 was employed to inhibit the entry of pyruvat...

Carnosine, a histidine-containing dipeptide, is well known to be associated with skeletal muscle performance. However, there is limited information on the effect of dietary micronutrients on muscle carnosine level. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, is involved in amino acid metabolisms in the body as a cofactor. We hypothesized that enzymes involved in β-alanine biosy...

Glycolaldehyde, an intermediate of the Maillard reaction, and fructose, which is mainly derived from the polyol pathway, rapidly inactivate human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the physiological concentration. We employed this inactivation with these carbonyl compounds as a model glycation reaction to investigate whether carnosine and its related compounds could protect the enzyme from ina...

IN a recent communication [Hunter, 1921] a colorimetric method for the estimation of carnosine in muscle extract was generally outlined. This was based on a method of estimation of iminazoles devised by Koessler and Hanke [1919, 1]. This method depended on the coupling of carnosine with diazotised sulphanilic acid in alkaline solution to form an azo dye. The colour produced was measured against...

Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits inflammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. Therefore, we hypothesized that carnosine would also protect against white matter damage caused by subcortical ischemic injury. White matter damage was induced by right unilateral...

Background: Carnosine is a low molecular weight water soluble biological dipeptide, composed of alanine and histidine, present in a levorotatory form in mammalian tissues. Interesting activities are related to the detoxification from free radical species and byproducts of membrane lipids peroxidation. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photoprotective properties of car...

BACKGROUND Blood collected in an anticoagulant can be kept refrigerated in an unmodified state within 5 - 6 weeks. Oxidative damage is considered to be a one of the major factors contributing to the development of storage lesions. Lipid and membrane proteins oxidation results in changes in cation gradients that affect the cell survival. AIM In the present study we used the natural antioxidant...