This study addressed how bilingual speakers switch between their first and second language when speaking. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and naming latencies were measured while unbalanced German (L1)-Dutch (L2) speakers performed a picture-naming task. Participants named pictures either in their L1 or in their L2 (blocked language conditions), or participants switched between their firs...

Machine translation is the task of automatically nding the translation of a source sentence in the target language. Statistical machine translation (SMT) use parallel corpora or bilingual paired corpora that are known to be translations of each other to nd a likely translation for a given source sentence based on the observed translations. The task of machine translation can be seen as an insta...

This study explores the relationship between writing strategies and cohesion of writing, it compares how an ESL learner a native speaker English use to organize their written narratives. A text analysis demonstrates that used fewer connectives than English, produced less cohesive narrative. Next, taking qualitative approach, differences in products are related writers’ uses different processes....

Mammalian genomes encode numerous natural antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate gene expression. Recently, an antisense lncRNA to mouse Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (Uchl1) was reported to increase UCHL1 protein synthesis, representing a new functional class of lncRNAs, designated as SINEUPs, for SINE element-containing translation UP-regulators. Here, we show that a...

This paper describes Chomsky, a content language translation agent. This agent provides a service, which first translates the content expression from its original language into an abstract logic language (ALL). Then, the resulting ALL expression is translated to the desired target language. ALL has been designed as a superset of most known content languages to avoid loosing expressiveness durin...