Second language (L2) attitude and motivation-related studies focusing on differences caused by age have mostly highlighted the temporal dimension of L2 motivation. Age-related motivation also been gainfully employed at comparisons between learners different groups recruited from learning environments. Such not, however, attempted an analysis attitudinal motivational that may exist among within ...

Foreign language instruction has moved from face-to-face to online learning in response the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed explore extent which Language Classroom Enjoyment (FLCE), Speaking Anxiety (FLSA) and demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, course grades) are linked English as a (EFL) learners’ Willingness Communicate (WTC) under two conditions: conventional (face-to-face) learni...

It is well documented that language learning success or failure is influenced by the affective side of the learner. Self-efficacy and anxiety are among the affective factors influencing language learning. This study first explores the relationship between EFL learners' self-efficacy in reading comprehension and their reading anxiety. Secondly, it explores the relationship between EFL learners' ...

high levels of mental health during studying in university, makes students able to deal effectively with numerous stressors they experience. our aim of this study was to examine and compare social anxiety among first to fourth year student nurses of ministry of health affiliated universities of medical sciences located in tehran, iran in 2010. in this descriptive analytic study, 400 students fr...

: Individual learner differences play an integral role in second language acquisition and interested researchers and practitioners cannot get a full appreciation of second language learning if they ignore these significant variables. This study investigated how willingness to communicate (WTC), learner subjectivity, and anxiety in learning the L2 correlate with Iranian students’ English pragmat...