Fire whirls cause an increase in fire damage. This study clarified the unsteady behavior of whirls, considering that instantaneous changes temperature and flame shape can affect damage to surrounding area. Numerical simulations a lab-scale simulates whirl were performed investigate gas velocity fields under various fuel inflow velocities. The flow field was obtained by solving continuity equati...

Abstract Biochar properties are highly dependent on the feedstock type and operational conditions during thermochemical processing, in particular slow pyrolysis. To clarify this aspect, nine biochars were produced by pyrolyzing a macro TGA at 400, 550, 650 °C three different decorticated chopped biomasses. The studied biomasses representative of conifer (black pine) deciduous (poplar willow) wo...

This paper makes an attempt at testing the external validity of corruption experiments by moving from the lab in a developed country, to where it matters the most, the …eld in a developing country. In our experiment a candidate proposes a bribe to a grader in order to obtain a better grade. We …nd the direction and the magnitude of most treatment e¤ects to be statistically indistinguishable bet...

Canals and other connected waterway systems, including the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), have often facilitated spread of non-native species. Electric barriers recently emerged as a method for preventing this protecting uninvaded ecosystems from new invaders. The largest system electric in world is CAWS operated primarily to prevent invasive Asian carp. It not known whether these are eff...