With governments worldwide attempting to increase the labour force participation of older workers in the context of ageing populations, both older workers marginally attached to the labour force (discouraged workers), and those whose labour force participation is affected by cyclical fluctuations (via the discouraged worker effect), are of particular interest to policy makers. Analysis of OECD ...

OBJECTIVE To assess separate and combined effects of work factors and behavioural coping in relation to withdrawal from the labour force among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in a Dutch nationwide random sample of 720 patients with RA. Information about work factors and behavioural coping was collected by a self-administered postal questi...

This paper examines the impact of political conditions on female labour force participation in case of Pakistan. The study covers the period of 1980-2010. We found the existence of cointegration between the variables. Democracy and government spending lowers labour female labour participation. Development spending increases female labour participation. This study opens up new insights for polic...

The problem of child labour is immense and has been growing. Wherever poverty exists, child labour there prevails and it is one of the most striking issues in the developing countries. Hence, there is a need to identify the vulnerable children and point out the problems in relation to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), particularly poverty eradication, education for all, gender equality, c...

Having higher education has become increasingly common among both males and females in Europe and in the US. In 2006 one quarter of the population received a degree in higher education in the Netherlands, while years earlier this was only one fifth. Another important trend is the increase of the labour force participation of women. As a result, the number of double-income households increased c...

Measuring of the size and structure of the labour force in rural areas in Poland causes many difficulties. In particular, it refers to the population working in agriculture. It results from different data obtained from different statistical sources, from high dynamics of changes taking place in the Polish agriculture as regards the labour force, a high rate of older people working in agricultur...

This study estimates the effect of diabetes on labour market outcomes (employment, unemployment and force participation) in South Africa using data from African General Household Survey (2018). We first examine possibility that status is endogenous through application heteroscedasticity-based instruments. Internal instruments meet underlying diagnostic expectations, but do not consistently acce...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the effect of household income on unintentional injury mortality in children and to model the potential impact of eradicating income poverty as an injury prevention strategy. METHODS A national retrospective cohort study linking census to mortality records carried out in New Zealand during a 3-year period following the 1991 census and including ...

BACKGROUND Assessment of dynamic changes in painful experiences, such as labour, using conventional rating scales (eg, numerical rating scale [NRS]) has limitations. An alternative for continuous pain evaluation could be a signal generated by voluntary action of the parturient. Remifentanil administration for obstetric analgesia could be improved by these dynamic measures of labour pain. In the...