In a paper of Klazar, several counting examples for rooted plane trees were given, including matchings and maximal matchings. Apart from asymptotical analysis, it was shown how to obtain exact formulas for some of the countings by means of the Lagrange inversion formula. In this note, the results of Klazar are extended to formulas for matchings, maximal matchings and maximum matchings for three...

We introduce a fractional theory of the calculus of variations for multiple integrals. Our approach uses the recent notions of Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives and integrals in the sense of Jumarie. The main results provide fractional versions of the theorems of Green and Gauss, fractional Euler–Lagrange equations, and fractional natural boundary conditions. As an application we discuss...

A coupled Euler–Lagrange solution approach is used to model blast loading on a buried structure. The coupling algorithm is discussed along with a benchmark calculation.

We consider Lagrangian systems in the limit of infinitely many particles. It is shown that the corresponding discrete action functionals Γ-converge to a continuum action functional acting on probability measures of particle trajectories. Also, the convergence of stationary points of the action is established. Minimizers of the limiting functional and, more generally, limiting distributions of s...

This paper presents a methodology to obtain transitional objects’ shapes by a physics-based simulation. Given two 2D/3D images of different objects or of the same object at different instants, using the Finite Element Method two models are built, and the Lagrange’s equation is solved to simulate the involved deformation. We used and compared two different finite elements to build each objects’ ...

We consider fractional isoperimetric problems of calculus of variations with double integrals via the recent modified Riemann–Liouville approach. A necessary optimality condition of Euler–Lagrange type, in the form of a multitime fractional PDE, is proved, as well as a sufficient condition and fractional natural boundary conditions. M.S.C. 2010: 49K21, 35R11.

We use analytic continuation to derive the Euler-Lagrange equations associated to the Pfaffian in indefinite signature (p, q) directly from the corresponding result in the Riemannian setting. We also use analytic continuation to derive the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet theorem for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with boundary directly from the corresponding result in the Riemannian setting. Complex metrics on...

In this work, we communicate the topic of complex Lie algebroids based on the extended fractional calculus of variations in the complex plane. The complexified Euler–Lagrange geodesics and Wong’s fractional equations are derived. Many interesting consequences are explored.

The aim of the paper is to announce some recent results concerning Hamiltonian theory. The case of second order Euler–Lagrange form non-affine in the second derivatives is studied. Its related second order Hamiltonian systems and geometrical correspondence between solutions of Hamilton and Euler–Lagrange equations are found.

This paper considers the problem of designing explicit measurement feedback H∞ control laws for a class of Euler-Lagrange systems. For these systems the joint positions are assumed as outputs of the system, while velocity measures are to be estimated from an observer+controller structure. The main contribution of this work lies in the explicit formulation of the dynamic structure of a joined ob...