The independence of two phenotypic characters affected by both pleiotropic and nonpleiotropic mutations is investigated using a generalization of M. Slatkin's stepwise mutation model of 1987. The model is used to determine whether predictions of either the multivariate normal model introduced in 1980 by R. Lande or the house-of-cards model introduced in 1985 by M. Turelli can be regarded as typ...

Background Evolutionary Role of the G-matrix: Dickerson, G. E. 1955. Genetic slippage in response to selection. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 20:213-224. Berg, R. L. 1960. The ecological significance of correlation pleiades. Evolution 14:171-180. Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body allometry. Evolution 33:402-416. Zeng, Z.-B. 19...

BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Correction for “Surface residues dynamically organize water bridges to enhance electron transfer between proteins,” by Aurélien de la Lande, Nathan S. Babcock, Jan Rezá c, Barry C. Sanders, and Dennis R. Salahub, which appeared in issue 26, June 29, 2010, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (107:11799–11804; first published June 14, 2010; 10.1073/pnas.0914457107). The...

Size sexual dimorphism occurs in almost all mammals. In Portuguese Water Dogs, much of the difference in skeletal size between females and males is due to the interaction between a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) on the X-chromosome and a QTL linked to Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) on the CFA 15 autosome. In females, the haplotype of CFA 15 resulting in small size is dominant. In males, t...

Tooth extraction often cause tissue damage and wound. After tooth extraction, the wound healing process becomes a major concern because of many complications makes patients feel pain suffered. Lande et al. (2015) showed prevalence complications, including crown fracture (31.82%), root (13.6%), dry socket (4%), swelling (2.27%), bleeding (1.6%). Macrophages are common inflammatory cell in wounds...

Numerous magnetohydrodynamic oscillations have been reported within solar pores over the past decades, including in line-of-sight (LOS) velocities, intensities, and magnetic field strengths. Our aim is to identify whether high-amplitude LOS strength can be detected a pore located Active Region 12748 investigate which physical mechanisms could responsible for them. A was observed on 1st Septembe...

Knowledge about the potential spatial dynamics of species is important. Already in 1922, the American ornithologist Joseph Grinnell (Grinnell 1922) noted that in order to understand the population consequences of dispersal, its role in the stochastic nature of rare longdistance movements and the interplay between innate and environmental factors in triggering dispersal, have to be known. Furthe...

Faraday e ect [1] is the rotation of the plane of linear light polarization by a medium in a magnetic eld applied in the direction of light propagation. In 1898, Macaluso and Corbino [2], studying absorption spectra of the alkali atoms in the presence of magnetic elds, discovered that the Faraday e ect in the vicinity of resonance absorption lines also had a distinct resonant character. The ess...

For many marine fish, intense larval mortality may provide considerable opportunity for selection, yet much less is known about the evolutionary potential of larval traits. We combined field demographic studies and manipulative experiments to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for both larval size and swimming performance for a natural population of a common coral-reef fish, the bicolor d...

The impact of environmental variability on population size growth rate in dynamic models is a recurrent issue in the theoretical ecology literature. In the scalar case, R. Lande pointed out that results are ambiguous depending on whether the noise is added at arithmetic or logarithmic scale, while the matrix case has been investigated by S. Tuljapurkar. Our contribution consists first in introd...