degradation model was introduced as an instrument of environmental impact assessment (eia) in iran. several methods are introduced in rapid environmental assessment, but none of them have evaluated landscape level. thus, the main objective of this research is to introduce a new spatial method for eia by using landscape metrics. a benefit of rapid assessment by using ecological landscape metrics...

This contribution discribes a new method for monitoring productivity in the slaughter pig production unit. The method is implemented with a graphical user interface. By calculating average daily gain each time a group of slaughter pigs is delivered to the slaughterhouse, a time series is made. Among other features, the application allows the user to monitor the time series graphicaly. Monitorin...

What is a wise use of nature? This perennial issue, always controversial due to conflicting human interests, has in the last decade tended to be clothed in the context of ‘sustainable development’. The rapid breakthrough of this concept in political and scientific spheres has brought to our attention the dependence of human survival and well-being upon ecosystem supports (e.g. Baskin, 1997; Cos...

We provide a general valuation approach for capital budgeting decisions involving the modularization in the design of a system. Within the framework developed by Baldwin and Clark (2000), we implement a valuation approach using a numerical procedure based on the Least Squares Monte Carlo method proposed by Longstaff and Schwartz (2001). The approach is accurate, general and flexible.

Given a parametric time Petri net with inhibitor arcs and a valuation of the timing requirements seen as parameters, we propose a method synthesizing a constraint on these parameters guaranteeing the same set of traces as for the reference valuation. This gives a quantitative measure of the robustness of the system for linear time properties.

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Total economic value Biodiversity Ecosystem services Ecosystem functioning Functional diversity Ecosystem resilience Insurance value Portfolio theory The assessment of total economic value has become a pragmatic and popular approach in nature valuation, yet criticisms have been raised. One major point of critique is that total economic value bases the monetary va...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Apis mellifera biodiversity-ecosystem function ecosystem services native bee pollinator valuation ecosystem service valuation wild bee Crop pollination by animal pollinators is an important ecosystem service for which there is no generally accepted valuation method. Here, we show that two existing valuation methods, previously thought to be unrelated , are each a...

This paper explores both theoretically and empirically whether or not the willingness to pay (WTP) for pollution control varies with income. Our model indicates that the income elasticity of the marginal WTP for pollution reduction is only constant under very restrictive conditions, which are not necessary for an environmental Kuznets curve relationship between pollution and income. Our empiric...

This article describes forward-start CDO’s (FCDO’s), options to start CDO’s, and their risk-neutral valuation. The valuation method represents an extension of previous work Walker (2005, 2006) on a static model for the valuation of ordinary CDO’s to a model containing the necessary dynamics. The focus of the work will be to develop a model with sufficient flexibility that it can be used to cali...