Falsification has emerged as an important tool for simulation-based verification of autonomous systems. In this paper, we present extensions to the Scenic scenario specification language and VerifAI toolkit that improve scalability sampling-based falsification methods by using parallelism extend multi-objective specifications. We first a parallelized framework is interfaced with both simulation...

Frequent language exposure and use are among the most important conditions for successful learning, whether in classrooms, during study abroad, or other informal contexts. Research probing usage often relies on one-off self-report questionnaires which participants estimate their typical level of over extended periods time, long after it occurred. This may negatively affect validity resulting da...

In a previous article (Hakuta, Bialystok, & Wiley, 2003), we tested the critical-period hypothesis for second-language learning using 1990 U.S. census data. Our findings failed to support a critical period for second-language acquisition, demonstrating greater evidence for a steady decline throughout the life span. Stevens (2004) questioned these findings, suggesting they might have resulted in...

Second Language System of Motivational Selves and English Language Skills: The Role of Socio-Economic Status among Iranian Language Learners1 A. Parastaar Aski* M.H. Abdollaahi, Ph.D.** A. R. Moraadi, Ph.D.*** H. R. Hassanaabaadi, Ph.D.****   Learning English in Iran is quite popular, yet not all are successful at this task. To shed light on this dilemma and its root causes, the ro...

Since second or foreign language learning is a?.m long term endeavor and learners may lose their initial interest and enthusiasm, they need to be kept motivated. Student engagement has been recommended as one approach to sustaining such at risk learners at high levels of motivation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of student enga...

BACKGROUND The Navajo Nation suffers from a legacy of environmental pollution from historical uranium mining activities, resulting in adverse public health outcomes and continuous exposure. OBJECTIVE Partner with a Navajo graduate student and community members in a field campaign to characterize the spatial distribution and geochemistry of uranium for a multipathway uranium exposure assessmen...

In this study, we introduce a new approach for learning language models by training them to estimate word-context pointwise mutual information (PMI), and then deriving the desired conditional probabilities from PMI at test time. Specifically, we show that with minor modifications to word2vec’s algorithm, we get principled language models that are closely related to the well-established Noise Co...

A character-level recurrent neural network (RNN) is a statistical language model capable of producing text that superficially resembles a training corpus. The efficacy of these networks in mimicking Shakespeare, Linux source code, and other forms of text have already been demonstrated. In this paper, we show that character-level RNNs are capable of very believably mimicking the language of Pres...