laryngeal mask is a supraglothic instrument for ventilation of patients who are under anesthesia. insertion of laryngeal mask requires maintaining sufficient depth of anesthesia to avoid airway reflex (gagging, coughing and spasms). the present study investigated two techniques of anesthesia with propofol-atracurium and thiopental-atracurium to facilitate insertion of the laryngeal mask, term o...

Various treatment approaches are applied to repair damaged cartilage. However, a developing field of tissue engineering holds realistic promise replace injured cartilage using the patient’s cells. Using one type chondrocytes functionally different and far localized can be feasible from clinical perspective. Toward this ultimate goal, we aimed implement key protocols utilized in articular (AR) a...

below the nipple to the umbilicus and laterally to a line with the left nipple.^ The intercostal spaces were expanded. The swelling was more prominent under the false cartilages, and over them distinct fluctuation was perceptible. An incision was made one inch outside the line of the niple and under the false cartilages. The smallest needle of the aspirator having been introduced and fluid dete...

The pattern of proteoglycan synthesis was examined in the cartilages of the anterior and the posterior limbs, the vertebra and the sterna of the developing chick embryo, during chondrogenic differentiation. At stage 18, the limb primordia synthesize small monomeric proteoglycans. In all nine cartilages examined, there was a shift during differentiation from small to larger intermediate forms fo...

Introduction:  Carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely uncommon clinical entity in pediatric age. The diagnosis of the laryngeal carcinoma is often delayed due to the low index of suspicion. The factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include the similarity of its symptoms to common benign lesions of the larynx in childhood and difficult examination of the larynx in pediatric patients. ...