The thresholds of compound action potentials evoked by tone pips were measured in the cochleae of anesthetized gerbils, both in adults and in neonates aged 14, 16, 18, 20 and 30 days, using round-window electrodes. Stapes vibrations were also measured, using a laser velocimeter, in many of the same ears of adults and neonates aged 14, 16, 18 and 20 days to assess cochlear sensitivity in isolati...

Chondrocytes and osteoblasts experience multiple stresses in vivo. The optimum mechanical conditions for cell health are not fully understood. This paper describes the optical and microfluidic mechanical manipulation of single suspended cells enabled by the μPIVOT, an integrated micron resolution particle image velocimeter (μPIV) and dual optical tweezers instrument (OT). In this study, we exam...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from sensory neurons, which are closely apposed to mast cells and blood vessels, mediates gastric hyperemia in response to acid challenge of the damaged mucosa. Substance P (SP) is coreleased with CGRP from sensory neurons, but the role of this peptide in gastric blood flow regulation is largely unknown. Chambered rat stomachs were exposed to 1.5 ...

Turbulent boundary layer measurements have been made on surfaces covered with filamentous marine algae. These experiments were conducted in a closed return water tunnel using a two-component, laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The mean velocity profiles and parameters, as well as the axial and wall-normal turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress, are compared with flows over smooth and sa...

The study of fundamental structural dynamic properties is critical for improving Micro-electromechanical System (MEMS) design and functionality. A new facility for measuring the structural dynamics of microsystem parts with a base-excitation technique is described and experimental results from a study of the effect of gas damping on the structural dynamics of MEMS are presented. The new facilit...

Highly dense and ultra-hard Stishovite phase is the most stable form of SiO2. It formed when fused silica subjected to extreme pressures (>34 GPa). In this communication, we report nucleation in shock-loaded soda-lime glass (SLG) samples at a remarkably low compressive stress 7 GPa. Although it falls within reported Hugoniot Elastic Limit SLG between 2.5 GPa, significantly below crystallization...

Thrust fault earthquakes are studied in a laboratory earthquake setup previously used to investigate analog strike-slip seismic events. Dynamic mode II ruptures are generated along preexisting faults in an analog material, Homalite H-100, and their interaction with the free surface is studied for both sub-Rayleigh and supershear rupture speeds. High-speed digital photography and laser velocimet...

A turbulent vortex ring having a relatively thin core is formed in water by a momentary jet discharge from an orifice in a submerged plate. The necessary impulse is provided by a pressurized reservoir and is controlled by a fast programmable solenoid valve. The main aim of the research is to verify the similarity properties of the mean flow, as defined by ensemble averaging, and to find the dis...

In earlier work it was suggested that the frictional constraint of a porous sample around its circumference in a standing wave tube resulted in shearing resonances of the sample. In the present work that effect has been confirmed by direct measurement of the spatial distribution of the velocity of the solid phase of a fibrous sample placed in a rigidly terminated standing wave tube and driven i...