OBJECTIVE This work aims to consider how the discipline of anthropology contributes to the study of menopause through evolutionary, developmental, and comparative perspectives. METHODS This study was a review of skeletal and ethnographic evidence for menopause and postreproductive life in humans' distant past, hypotheses for the evolution of menopause and long postreproductive life, variation...

Burden of suffering Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Projected for 1996 are 184,300 new cases of breast cancer and 44,300 breast cancer deaths. The five-year survival rate is 84% for Caucasian, non-Hispanic women and 69% for African-American women.(1) Risk factors for breast cancer include age...

BACKGROUND Menopause can be a time of change for women and may be marked by disturbances in mood. For women living with a mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, little is known about how they experience mood changes during menopause. This study aimed to explore how women with bipolar disorder constructed mood changes during menopause and how this impacted on treatment decisions. METHODS Se...

A lifespan perspective, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, is used to examine factors related to the timing of menopause in Blackfeet women of northern Montana (USA). Cross-sectional survey data demonstrate a median age at menopause using a status quo method of 51.6 years, and a mean age of 47.0 +/- 5.0 years among those women who had already experienced menopause. Age at menopa...

STUDY QUESTION Is the age at menopause in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors earlier and what are the risk factors associated with earlier age at menopause? SUMMARY ANSWER Menopause occurred at a median age of 44 years in this cohort which is earlier than in the general population, but premature menopause was uncommon. Main risk factors for non-surgical menopause were exposure to and dose...

AIM Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in India with high fatality rate. Over a 1 year study period 105 consecutive biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed breast cancer patients were interviewed by direct questionnaire method regarding risk factors attending Surgery and Radiotherapy OPD of Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal while taking other 105 patients at...

The evidence implicating natural estrogen is pretty convincing. If a woman starts having her period early in life or goes through menopause late, her chances of getting breast cancer are increased. Not having a baby at all, or having the first baby late in life, increases the likelihood of breast cancer. Having more babies is more protective against breast cancer --having more than 5 is most pr...

Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked mental retardation condition that usually is due to a trinucleotide-repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. Whereas full-mutation alleles (> 230 repeats) lead to fragile X syndrome, premutation alleles (approximately 60-200 repeats) are apparently non-penetrant. However, previous studies have suggested that female premutation carriers may have an increased incidence...

BACKGROUND Early menopause has been associated with many adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Lead has been found to be adversely associated with female reproductive function, but whether exposures experienced by the general population are associated with altered age at menopause has not been explored. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to a...

Menarche and menopause demarcate the limits of potential reproductive life span in the female. A number of studies have conducted on this aspect in different endogamous population of Andhra Pradesh at different time’s .For the present work the urban and rural areas of Kshatriya women have been taken to study and this population has not studied previously on this aspect. In the study population ...