John R. Paul has been interested in the latent period and the incubation period of a variety of infectious diseases because careful study of the host during these periods frequently yields important clues concerning pathogenesis. In the case of rheumatic fever, the latent period begins at the onset of symptoms of the acute group A streptococcal respiratory infection and ends at the time of deve...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare clinical and microbiological findings in adults hospitalized for acute otitis media (AOM) or mastoid infections (acute or latent). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adults (≥17 years old) hospitalized (between 2003 and 2012) at a tertiary referral center for acute mastoid infections or AOM not responding to outpatien...

Vertical transmission of viruses in breast milk can expose neonates to infectious pathogens at a time when the capacity of their immune system to control infections is limited. We developed a mouse model to study the outcomes of acquisition of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) when neonates are breastfed by mothers with acute or latent infection. Breast milk leukocytes collected from lactating mice...

Members of the herpesvirus family typically establish intimate and lifelong relationships with their hosts. An acute primary infection generally subsides after several days and immunity may be shown by various methods. Despite this the virus may persist, often subclinically, or remain latent, sometimes giving rise to recurrent disease. For example, herpes labialis and genitalis are common disea...

Here, we report latent infections with Bartonella quintana and a hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in a research colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Sequence alignments, evolutionary analysis, and signature nucleotide sequence motifs of the hemotropic Mycoplasma 16S rRNA and RNase P genes indicate the presence of a novel organism.

We found seroprevalences for hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 7.5%, 18.5%, and 83.3% in specific pathogen-free (SPF) laboratory rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, respectively, in China. HEV RNA was detected in 4.8% of SPF rabbits, and 11 rabbits had latent infections. Screening for HEV in SPF animals before relevant experiments are conducted is recommended.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and Toxoplasma dual infections in the immunocompromised patient remains a healthcare challenge. We report a case of congenital toxoplasmosis resulting from reactivation of latent infection in a severely immunodepressed HIV-infected pregnant woman, who had poor adherence to therapy; this case illustrates the difficulties encountered in management...

Rodents might maintain tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in nature through latent persistent infections. During 2 subsequent winters, 2008 and 2009, in Finland, we detected RNA of European and Siberian subtypes of TBEV in Microtus agrestis and Myodes glareolus voles, respectively. Persistence in rodent reservoirs may contribute to virus overwintering.

Polybrene treatment of McCoy cells was used to increase the infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. The isolation rate for C. trachomatis in 500 specimens from males and females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic and other clinics increased by 6.8% with the Polybrene treatment. The data also suggested that this treatment facilitated the diagnosis of low grade or latent infec...