Amphibians provide a unique opportunity for identifying possible links between lateralized behaviors, locomotion, and phylogeny and for addressing the origin of lateralized behaviors of higher vertebrates. Five anuran species with different locomotive habits were tested for forelimb and hind limb preferences during 2 stereotyped behavior sequences--wiping a foreign object off their snout and ri...

  Background :Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligment (ACL) is a common knee injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the balance control in football players with and without ACL reconstruction in posture of injury.   Methods : Sway of the center of gravity of 15 patients with ACL reconstruction was compared with 15 healthy, age and sex-matched subjects as the control group. All test...

The locomotor central pattern generator is a neural network in the spinal cord that can generate the basic motor pattern for locomotion in the absence of sensory feedback or rhythmic input from the brain. Most research in rodents has focused on hind limb movements: the hind limb CPG is located in lower thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. This network generates both the locomotor rh...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of several wound factors on melanoma growth in a mouse model. DESIGN Cohort analytic study. SETTING Animal research facility of Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI. STUDY GROUP Seventeen groups of 5 C57BL/6 mice each. INTERVENTIONS A surgical wound was created in 1 hind limb, after which different concentrations of B16F10 melanoma cells were i...

results the means ± standard deviations of the averaged emg during the lateral and frontal wp exercises were 40.1 ± 19.1, and 23.7 ± 11.3 µv, respectively. those of the percent maximal voluntary contraction during the lateral and frontal wp exercises were 51.4 ± 29.7, and 31.3 ± 20.5, respectively. gmax activity during the lateral wp exercise was significantly higher than that during the fronta...

A Japanese Black calf, manifested by clinical signs of inability to stand and extending hind limbs after birth, was investigated clinically and pathologically. In the neurological inspection, gastrocnemius reflex and patellar tendon reflex of the right hind limb were hyperactive, and gastrocnemius reflex and crossed extension reflex of the left hind limb were also hyperactive. Magnetic resonanc...

This report describes a case of polydactyly in the hind-limb of a West African Dwarf goat kid in South West Africa. Physical examination revealed the presence of four digits in each of the hind limbs. Radiological examination and macerated bones of the animal showed a bifid shape of each metatarsal that was more prominent from the distal half of the diaphysis. This resulted in the presence of f...

Quadrupeds maintain the dorsal side up body orientation due to the activity of the postural control system driven by limb mechanoreceptors. Binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) causes a lateral body sway toward the anode. Previously, we have shown that this new position is actively stabilized, suggesting that GVS changes a set point in the reflex mechanisms controlling body posture. T...

The rat hind-limb vasculature releases substance P when subjected to a rapid increase in flow through the vascular bed. This release also occurs during high flow after rats have been capsaicinized, when loss of substance P-containing nerve fibers was verified by immunohistochemistry. Air treatment, a procedure shown by transmission electron microscopy to have removed endothelial cells from the ...