a pancreatopeptidase (elastase) digest index was devised for a rapid and accurate estimation of protein quality. this index was calculated on the basis of all the amino acids released by an in-vitro elastase digestion, acid hydrolyses of same sample and the residue of enzyme hydrolyzed. the amino acids were determined by thin-layer chromatography. samples used were cooked white kidneybeans, coo...

We identified the Arabidopsis MALE STERILITY1 (MS1) gene by transposon-mediated mutagenesis. In the transposon-inserted allele ms1-8, normal immature microspores separated from tetrads, but their subsequent maturation was abnormal: the outer layer of the microspore was absent, and both the microspore and the tapetal layer gradually became vacuolated. Empty locules resulted. The MS1 gene was exp...

Microneedle patches contain micrometer-scale needles coated with bioactive agents for minimally invasive drug delivery to the skin. In this study, we introduce layer-by-layer approaches to the fabrication of ultrathin DNA- and protein-containing polyelectrolyte films (or "polyelectrolyte multilayers", PEMs) on the surfaces of stainless steel microneedles. DNA-containing PEMs were fabricated on ...