Background: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture. Excessive use of pesticides has health risk for human and threatens non-target organisms. This research aimed to determine lethal concentrations of malathion and Hinosan for Carassius auratus (5±1 gr) [mean ± SD]. Methods: Experiments were performed according to O.E.C.D for 4 days (96 h) and concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg L-1 Hinosan...

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) have a different sensitivity to cadmium (Cd) in vivo (trout < LC50 < perch). Metals and particularly Cd impair cortisol secretion by adrenocortical cells in both species. The purpose of the present study was to assess in vitro the effect of Cd on cortisol secretion by adrenocortical cells of trout and perch, to compare the ...

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful heavy metal pollutants in aquatic environments. Fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were exposed to sublethal concentrations (10, 20 and 30% of the 96-h LC50) CdCl2 which caused significant changes in concentration dependent manner in the hepatic and ileal tissues. The hepatic tissue lost its characteristic architecture, with increased vac...

Using standard WHO methodology, this study investigated the susceptibility of 4th instar Aedes aegypti (L) and Culex annulirostris (Skuse) larvae to three extracts from Callitris glaucophylla (J. Thompson & L. Johnson) (1: steam distillation extract, 2: liquefied refrigerant gas extract, and 3: methanol reflux extract), lambda-cyhalothrin (a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide) and fenitrothion (a...

Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron in southern Brazil. The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is an important insect pest in poultry houses in Brazil. Susceptibility of the lesser mealworm collected from eight poultry houses in Paraná state, southern Brazil, was evaluated for cypermethrin, dich...

A larval immersion bioassay was developed to identify susceptibility of onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), to chlorpyrifos and to determine whether this assay could be used to predict control in onion fields. Laboratory colonies were established from larvae collected in New York onion fields during 2003 and 2004, providing us with test insects to use in bioassays. The...

Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog insect growth regulator (IGR), is a recommended insecticide for the control of container-inhabiting mosquitoes. The effects of eight container substrates (three plastics, wood, tire rubber, clay pot, concrete, and glass) were studied on reduction of bio-efficacy of pyriproxyfen for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in the laboratory. Insect growth regulator-bioass...

Baseline toxicity levels to foliarly applied spirotetramat were established for 19 field populations of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype (=Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Arizona and California in 2008 and 2009. The susceptibility data were determined against the second instar of B. tabaci field collections before the registration and widesp...

background: the problem of the environmental pollution by nanoparticles, which have recently entered the cycle of industries process in iran, is very important and can be prevented with applying the proper management approaches. one of the most practical compounds is zno nanoparticle. in the present study  the (lethal concentration-50) lc50 24hr and 48hr of zno nanoparticles exposed-to reactive...