Recent evidence established a crucial role for mammalian oxygen sensing transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in innate immunity against intracellular pathogens. In response to most of these pathogens host phagocytes increase transcription of HIF-1α, the regulatory component of HIF-1 to express various effector molecules against invaders. Leishmania donovani (LD), a protozoan ...

We presentevidencefor the utilityof an improvedassay for the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes1 and 2 in serum, involvinginhibitionof the H-subunit of LD by pyruvate at pH 7.1. Resultscorrelatewell with the LD-1/total LD ratio as evaluated by immunologicalassay and, as an indexto infarct, the method is superiorto either the change in CK-MB activityor to the LD-1 activit...

background gastric dysplasia (gd) is a precursor lesion of gastric adenoâ­carcinoma. intestinal type gastric carcinoma commonly shows microsatellite instability (msi) and the diffuse type is associâ­ated with down regulation of e-cadherin. her-2/neu is over-expressed in some cases of gastric cancer. in this study, msi and expression rates of her-2/neu and e-cadherin in gd were evaluated. me t h...

The molecular mechanism of antimony-resistant Leishmania donovani (Sb(R)LD)-driven up-regulation of IL-10 and multidrug-resistant protein 1 (MDR1) in infected macrophages (Ms) has been investigated. This study showed that both promastigote and amastigote forms of Sb(R)LD, but not the antimony-sensitive form of LD, express a unique glycan with N-acetylgalactosamine as a terminal sugar. Removal o...

BACKGROUND Lung disease (LD) due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria is an important clinical concern. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is one of the most common causative agents but the diagnosis of MAC-LD remains challenging. Detection of serum IgA antibody against MAC glycopeptidolipid (GPL) has recently been shown to improve the diagnosis of MAC-LD, but has yet to be validated worldwide. MET...

One of the most important causes a reduction in power generation PV panels is non-uniform aging photovoltaic (PV) modules. The increase current–voltage (I–V) mismatch among array modules primary cause this kind degradation. There have been several configurations investigated over years to reduce loss (MPL) caused by shadowing, but there not any experimental studies that specifically examined im...

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cytoplasmic organelles containing neutral lipids and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. Previous studies have suggested that LDs can undergo constitutive homotypic fusion, a process linked to the inhibitory effects of fatty acids on glucose transporter trafficking. Using strict quantitative criteria for LD fusion together with refined light microscopic methods...

We constructed a metric linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6) on the basis of data from 220 SNPs genotyped on 433 Australian dairy bulls. This metric LD map has distances in LD units (LDUs) that are analogous to centimorgans in linkage maps. The LD map of BTA6 has a total length of 8.9 LDUs. Within the LD map, regions of high LD (represented as blocks) and regions of low...

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that serve as a neutral lipid reservoir and a hub for lipid metabolism. Manipulating LD formation, evolution, and mobilization in oleaginous species may lead to the production of fatty acid-derived biofuels and chemicals. However, key factors regulating LD dynamics remain poorly characterized. Here we purified the LDs and identified LD-associated p...

Several lines of evidence converge to the idea that rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a good model to foster our understanding of psychosis. Both REMS and psychosis course with internally generated perceptions and lack of rational judgment, which is attributed to a hyperlimbic activity along with hypofrontality. Interestingly, some individuals can become aware of dreaming during REMS, a partic...