The stepped leader forms the first phase of the first stroke in any lightning flash. It is basically a stepwise elongating discharge in air, which carries significant charge. The charge distribution on the leader and its velocity of descent determine the attractive radius in shielding efficiency calculations. Also, the conductivity and the charge distribution on the leader tip region govern the...

Broad topic of leadership study has been narrowed down in this study to leadership among adolescents in school setting. The current paper focuses on important characteristics possessed by student which makes them leader and qualities of ideal student leader. Students were asked to list any 5 qualities that they expect their class leader to have and checklist of 47 characteristics was provided t...

Several different mRNAs from Caenorhabditis elegans contain the same 22-nucleotide leader sequence at their 5' ends that is acquired in a trans-splicing reaction. About 10 to 15% of the major proteins are translated from mRNAs that contain the spliced leader, among them two ribosomal proteins, ubiquitin, GAPDH, a heat shock protein (hsp70a), and three actins. The same spliced leader sequence is...

The present research investigated the relationship between leader self-definition processes and leader self-serving behaviors. We hypothesized that self-definition as a leader interacts with social reference information (descriptive and injunctive) in predicting leader self-serving actions. Six studies (i.e., two laboratory experiments, two scenario experiments, and two crosssectional surveys) ...

The nucleotide sequence of a 550 base pairs long segment, located between map positions 21 and 22.5 in the adenovirus type 2 genome has been determined. S1 nuclease mapping and sequence analysis of cDNA copies of adenovirus mRNA demonstrated that the established sequence includes the i-leader which is spliced to the 5'-end of certain adenovirus mRNAs (1). The i-leader which is 440 nucleotides l...

Recent studies on leishmania enriettii tubulin mRNAs revealed a 35 nucleotide addition to their 5' end. The gene that codes for this 35 nucleotide leader sequence has now been cloned and sequenced. In the Leishmania genome, the spliced leader gene exists as a tandem repeat of 438 bases. There are approximately 150 copies of this gene comprising 0.1% of the parasite genome. This gene codes for a...

[1] This paper reports multiplatform observations of leader radiation preceding initial cloud-to-ground lightning return strokes by <6 ms. Specifically, we present multistation ground-based LF/VLF recordings of events with large-amplitude leader activity (comparable in amplitude to the return stroke amplitude). The events were selected for their coincidence with VHF observations by the FORTE sa...